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<title>Identification des habitats potentiels des plumes de mer dans l’estuaire maritime et le golfe du Saint-Laurent - Modèles de distribution d’espèces</title>
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<h1 class="title"><span id="sec-model" class="quarto-section-identifier d-none d-lg-block">Modèles de distribution d’espèces</span></h1>
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<p>Les modèles de distribution d’espèces et les modèles de niches écologiques sont des modèles qui visent à déterminer la distribution actuelle ou l’habitat potentiel d’une espèce <span class="citation" data-cites="melo-merino2020">(<a href="references.html#ref-melo-merino2020" role="doc-biblioref">Melo-Merino, Reyes-Bonilla, and Lira-Noriega 2020</a>)</span>. Ces modèles de distribution peuvent entre autres servir à prédire les impacts des perturbations anthropiques et des changements climatiques sur la distribution d’une espèce à des fins de conservation <span class="citation" data-cites="melo-merino2020">(<a href="references.html#ref-melo-merino2020" role="doc-biblioref">Melo-Merino, Reyes-Bonilla, and Lira-Noriega 2020</a>)</span>.</p>
<p>Le modèle le plus commun est le modèle corrélatif, qui consiste à expliquer la distribution d’une espèce en se basant sur les corrélations entre ses occurrences et un ensemble de variables environnementales <span class="citation" data-cites="franklin2010">(<a href="references.html#ref-franklin2010" role="doc-biblioref">Franklin 2010</a>)</span>. D’autres modèles sont mécanistiques et sont donc orientés sur les processus tels que la capacité de dispersion et les interactions biotiques, alors que d’autres ne sont que des interpolations spatiales <span class="citation" data-cites="bahn2007 peterson2012 peterson2015 melo-merino2020">(<a href="references.html#ref-bahn2007" role="doc-biblioref">Bahn and McGill 2007</a>; <a href="references.html#ref-peterson2012" role="doc-biblioref">Peterson and Soberón 2012</a>; <a href="references.html#ref-peterson2015" role="doc-biblioref">Peterson, Papeş, and Soberón 2015</a>; <a href="references.html#ref-melo-merino2020" role="doc-biblioref">Melo-Merino, Reyes-Bonilla, and Lira-Noriega 2020</a>)</span>.</p>
<p>Bien que les modèles de distribution d’espèces et les modèles de niches écologiques ont d’abord été introduits avec les espèces terrestres, de plus en plus de ces modèles sont appliqués aux systèmes marins <span class="citation" data-cites="melo-merino2020">(<a href="references.html#ref-melo-merino2020" role="doc-biblioref">Melo-Merino, Reyes-Bonilla, and Lira-Noriega 2020</a>)</span>.</p>
<p>La prochaine section porte sur les <a href="./models.html">choix de modèles corrélatifs de distribution d’espèces</a> qui ont été faits jusqu’à présent afin d’identifier les habitats potentiels des quatre espèces de plumes de mer présentées dans la section des <a href="./sea_pens_occurrence_data.html">données d’occurrences</a>.</p>
<div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent" role="doc-bibliography" style="display: none">
<div id="ref-bahn2007" class="csl-entry" role="doc-biblioentry">
Bahn, Volker, and Brian J. McGill. 2007. <span>“Can Niche-Based Distribution Models Outperform Spatial Interpolation?”</span> <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography</em> 16 (6): 733–42. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00331.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00331.x</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-franklin2010" class="csl-entry" role="doc-biblioentry">
Franklin, Janet. 2010. <em>Mapping <span>Species Distributions</span>: <span>Spatial Inference</span> and <span>Prediction</span></em>. <span>Cambridge University Press</span>.
</div>
<div id="ref-melo-merino2020" class="csl-entry" role="doc-biblioentry">
Melo-Merino, Sara M., Héctor Reyes-Bonilla, and Andrés Lira-Noriega. 2020. <span>“Ecological Niche Models and Species Distribution Models in Marine Environments: <span>A</span> Literature Review and Spatial Analysis of Evidence.”</span> <em>Ecological Modelling</em> 415 (January): 108837. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108837">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108837</a>.
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<div id="ref-peterson2015" class="csl-entry" role="doc-biblioentry">
Peterson, A. Townsend, Monica Papeş, and Jorge Soberón. 2015. <span>“Mechanistic and <span>Correlative Models</span> of <span>Ecological Niches</span>,”</span> December. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2015-0014">https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2015-0014</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-peterson2012" class="csl-entry" role="doc-biblioentry">
Peterson, A. Townsend, and Jorge Soberón. 2012. <span>“Species <span>Distribution Modeling</span> and <span>Ecological Niche Modeling</span>: <span>Getting</span> the <span>Concepts Right</span>.”</span> <em>Natureza & Conservação</em> 10 (2): 102–7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2012.019">https://doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2012.019</a>.
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