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Phase 0: The Docker Blueprint 🐳

Welcome to the start of your self-hosting journey! Before we dive into complex services, we need to understand the building blocks: Containers and Dockerfiles.

🏗️ Folder Structure

Organization is key in a homelab. We recommend creating a dedicated folder for each service. For this phase, let's create a basic "Hello World" service.

  1. Let's first go to user directory: cd ~
  2. Use ls to list all the files and folders
  3. Create a directory: mkdir hello-docker
  4. Enter the directory: cd hello-docker

📝 The Dockerfile

A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image.

Create a file named Dockerfile (no extension) inside hello-docker/ and paste this:

# Use a lightweight web server as the base image
FROM nginx:alpine

# Create a simple HTML file to serve
RUN echo "<h1>Hello from Phase 0! Docker is running.</h1>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

# Expose port 80 (default for Nginx)
EXPOSE 80

🚀 Building and Running

To turn this Dockerfile into a running container:

  1. Build the image: 
    docker build -t my-first-container .
  2. Run the container: 
    docker run -d -p 8085:80 --name hello-phase0 my-first-container

🔓 Ports & Visibility

Now that your first container is running, how do you actually see it in your browser?

🔌 What are Ports?

Think of your server's IP address like a building's address. Ports are like individual apartment numbers. Different services live in different "apartments".

Making Ports Public

By default, this event's environment should automatically make your ports public. You can verify this at any time.

🔎 Verification

Run the following command directly in your terminal:

gh codespace ports

Look at the VISIBILITY column. If it says public for port 8085, you are ready to test!

🛠️ Manual Fallback

If it says private, you can run this command to fix it if you haven't already:

# This command makes multiple ports public at once
gh codespace ports visibility 3000:public 3001:public 3002:public 8080:public 8081:public 8082:public 8083:public 8084:public 8085:public 8096:public

🔍 How to find your URL?

In that same second local terminal, run:

gh codespace ports

Click the link shown for port 8085 to see your "Hello World"!

Next Step: Phase 1: Docker Compose