[java] Improve parametric Java client

[PerfectSlayer]

Motivation

I looked at the changelog and found weird changes.

Changes

• Fix /trace/config DTO
• Fix span contexts not being cleared
• Fix span parent not found error not handled
• Refactor OpenTelemetry type conversions into a dedicated helper Refactor config access into a dedicated helper
• Refactor span contexts usage
• Clean up no more used OpenTelemetry and OpenTracing endpoint DTOs

In addition, I also update to latest versions of Spring Boot, OTel API and JDK LTS.

Workflow

1. ⚠️ Create your PR as draft ⚠️
2. Work on you PR until the CI passes (if something not related to your task is failing, you can ignore it)
3. Mark it as ready for review
   • Test logic is modified? -> Get a review from RFC owner. We're working on refining the codeowners file quickly.
   • Framework is modified, or non obvious usage of it -> get a review from R&P team

🚀 Once your PR is reviewed, you can merge it!

🛟 #apm-shared-testing 🛟

Reviewer checklist

• If PR title starts with [<language>], double-check that only <language> is impacted by the change
• No system-tests internal is modified. Otherwise, I have the approval from R&P team
• CI is green, or failing jobs are not related to this change (and you are 100% sure about this statement)
• A docker base image is modified?
  • the relevant build-XXX-image label is present
• A scenario is added (or removed)?
  • Get a review from R&P team