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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Filtering » Deconvolution module | DIPlib | a library for quantitative image analysis</title>
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<a href="https://diplib.org"><img src="DIPlib_logo.svg" alt="" />DIPlib</a><span class="m-breadcrumb">┃</span><a href="index.html" class="m-thin">a library for quantitative image analysis</a><span class="m-breadcrumb">┃</span><a href="https://github.com/DIPlib/diplib/releases/tag/3.6.1" class="m-thin">version 3.6.1</a> </span>
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<h1>
<span class="m-breadcrumb"><a href="filtering.html">Filtering</a> »</span>
Deconvolution <span class="m-thin">module</span> <div class="m-doc-include m-code m-thin m-text-right">#include <a href="file--diplib--deconvolution-h.html">"diplib/deconvolution.h"</a></div>
</h1>
<p>Deconvolution algorithms (inverse filtering).</p>
<div class="m-index m-block m-default">
<h3>Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li>
Reference
<ul>
<li><a href="#function-members">Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<section id="function-members">
<h2>Functions</h2>
<dl class="m-doc">
<dt>
<span class="m-doc-wrap-bumper">void <a href="#dip-FastIterativeShrinkageThresholding-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dfloat--dip-uint--dip-uint--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc">dip::<wbr />FastIterativeShrinkageThresholding</a>(</span><span class="m-doc-wrap"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 0.1,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> tolerance = 1e-6,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-uint" class="m-doc">dip::uint</a> maxIterations = 30,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-uint" class="m-doc">dip::uint</a> nScales = 3,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD})</span>
</dt>
<dd>Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding (FISTA) deconvolution. <a href="#dip-FastIterativeShrinkageThresholding-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dfloat--dip-uint--dip-uint--StringSet-CL">more...</a></dd>
<dt>
<span class="m-doc-wrap-bumper">void <a href="#dip-IterativeConstrainedTikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dfloat--dip-uint--dfloat--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc">dip::<wbr />IterativeConstrainedTikhonovMiller</a>(</span><span class="m-doc-wrap"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 0.1,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> tolerance = 1e-6,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-uint" class="m-doc">dip::uint</a> maxIterations = 30,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> stepSize = 0.0,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD})</span>
</dt>
<dd>Iterative Constrained Tikhonov-Miller (ICTM) deconvolution. <a href="#dip-IterativeConstrainedTikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dfloat--dip-uint--dfloat--StringSet-CL">more...</a></dd>
<dt>
<span class="m-doc-wrap-bumper">void <a href="#dip-RichardsonLucy-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dip-uint--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc">dip::<wbr />RichardsonLucy</a>(</span><span class="m-doc-wrap"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 0.0,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-uint" class="m-doc">dip::uint</a> nIterations = 30,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD})</span>
</dt>
<dd>Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution, also sometimes called the expectation maximization (EM) method. <a href="#dip-RichardsonLucy-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dip-uint--StringSet-CL">more...</a></dd>
<dt>
<span class="m-doc-wrap-bumper">void <a href="#dip-TikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc">dip::<wbr />TikhonovMiller</a>(</span><span class="m-doc-wrap"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 0.1,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD})</span>
</dt>
<dd>Tikhonov-Miller deconvolution. <a href="#dip-TikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL">more...</a></dd>
<dt>
<span class="m-doc-wrap-bumper">void <a href="#dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-StringSet-CL" class="m-doc">dip::<wbr />WienerDeconvolution</a>(</span><span class="m-doc-wrap"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& signalPower,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& noisePower,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD})</span>
</dt>
<dd>Wiener deconvolution using estimates of signal and noise power spectra. <a href="#dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-StringSet-CL">more...</a></dd>
<dt>
<span class="m-doc-wrap-bumper">void <a href="#dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc">dip::<wbr />WienerDeconvolution</a>(</span><span class="m-doc-wrap"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf,
<a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out,
<a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 1e-4,
<a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD})</span>
</dt>
<dd>Wiener deconvolution using an estimate of noise-to-signal ratio. <a href="#dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL">more...</a></dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Function documentation</h2>
<section class="m-doc-details" id="dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-StringSet-CL"><div>
<h3>
<span class="m-doc-return">void </span>
<span class="m-doc-name"><a href="#dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-StringSet-CL" class="m-doc-self">dip::<wbr />WienerDeconvolution</a></span>(
<span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& signalPower, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& noisePower, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD}</span>) </h3>
<p>Wiener deconvolution using estimates of signal and noise power spectra.</p>
<p>Assuming some original image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.680em; height: 1.054em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -8.08 6.8 10.54">
<title>
\(f\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq31-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq31-page1'>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq31-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span>, a known convolution kernel <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.547em; height: 0.824em; vertical-align: -0.011em; vertical-align: -0.011em;" viewBox=".66 -8.13 5.47 8.24">
<title>
\(h\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq32-g1-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq32-page1'>
<use x='.43' y='0' xlink:href='#eq32-g1-17'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (given by <code>psf</code>), a noise realization <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.548em; height: 0.536em; vertical-align: -0.011em; vertical-align: -0.011em;" viewBox=".23 -5.25 5.48 5.36">
<title>
\(n\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq33-g1-61' d='M5.65-1.24L5.48-1.39C5.4-1.29 5.31-1.18 5.23-1.08C4.88-.64 4.67-.45 4.5-.45C4.39-.45 4.31-.54 4.31-.64C4.31-.74 4.36-.96 4.48-1.39L5.16-3.85C5.23-4.1 5.26-4.36 5.26-4.53C5.26-4.95 4.94-5.25 4.48-5.25C3.72-5.25 2.97-4.53 1.74-2.63L2.54-5.23L2.5-5.25L.57-4.88V-4.69C1.18-4.68 1.33-4.61 1.33-4.37C1.33-4.3 1.32-4.23 1.31-4.17L.17 0H1.06C1.62-1.88 1.73-2.14 2.25-2.95C2.97-4.06 3.57-4.65 4.01-4.65C4.19-4.65 4.3-4.51 4.3-4.3C4.3-4.16 4.23-3.76 4.13-3.39L3.61-1.43C3.45-.81 3.42-.66 3.42-.54C3.42-.08 3.59 .11 3.98 .11C4.51 .11 4.81-.13 5.65-1.24Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq33-page1'>
<use x='.06' y='0' xlink:href='#eq33-g1-61'/>
</g>
</svg></span>,
and an observed image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 6.420em; height: 1.060em; vertical-align: -0.247em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".18 -8.13 64.2 10.6">
<title>
\(g = h * f + n\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq34-g4-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq34-g4-184' d='M3.39-3.45H.74V-2.67H3.39V0H4.18V-2.67H6.84V-3.45H4.18V-6.12H3.39V-3.45Z'/>
<path id='eq34-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq34-g7-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq34-g7-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq34-g7-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<path id='eq34-g7-61' d='M5.65-1.24L5.48-1.39C5.4-1.29 5.31-1.18 5.23-1.08C4.88-.64 4.67-.45 4.5-.45C4.39-.45 4.31-.54 4.31-.64C4.31-.74 4.36-.96 4.48-1.39L5.16-3.85C5.23-4.1 5.26-4.36 5.26-4.53C5.26-4.95 4.94-5.25 4.48-5.25C3.72-5.25 2.97-4.53 1.74-2.63L2.54-5.23L2.5-5.25L.57-4.88V-4.69C1.18-4.68 1.33-4.61 1.33-4.37C1.33-4.3 1.32-4.23 1.31-4.17L.17 0H1.06C1.62-1.88 1.73-2.14 2.25-2.95C2.97-4.06 3.57-4.65 4.01-4.65C4.19-4.65 4.3-4.51 4.3-4.3C4.3-4.16 4.23-3.76 4.13-3.39L3.61-1.43C3.45-.81 3.42-.66 3.42-.54C3.42-.08 3.59 .11 3.98 .11C4.51 .11 4.81-.13 5.65-1.24Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq34-page1'>
<use x='.07' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g7-54'/>
<use x='9.73' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g1-61'/>
<use x='21.09' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g7-17'/>
<use x='29.96' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g4-3'/>
<use x='40.33' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g7-53'/>
<use x='48.41' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g4-184'/>
<use x='58.73' y='0' xlink:href='#eq34-g7-61'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (given by <code>in</code>), the Wiener deconvolution filter is the linear filter
<span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 1.671em; height: 1.008em; vertical-align: -0.195em; vertical-align: -0.195em;" viewBox=".66 -8.13 16.71 10.08">
<title>
\(h_\text{inv}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq35-g5-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq35-g5-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq35-g5-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
<path id='eq35-g1-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq35-page1'>
<use x='.43' y='0' xlink:href='#eq35-g1-17'/>
<use x='6.65' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq35-g5-105'/>
<use x='9.08' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq35-g5-110'/>
<use x='13.2' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq35-g5-118'/>
</g>
</svg></span> that, when convolved with <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.548em; height: 0.771em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.246em;" viewBox=".18 -5.25 5.48 7.71">
<title>
\(g\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq36-g1-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq36-page1'>
<use x='.07' y='0' xlink:href='#eq36-g1-54'/>
</g>
</svg></span>, yields an image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 5.611em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 56.11 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f} = h_\text{inv} * g\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq37-g4-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g7-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g7-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g7-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<use id='eq37-g14-94' xlink:href='#eq37-g11-94' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq37-g11-94' d='M2.81-4.43L1.72-5.89H1.18L.1-4.43H.39L1.45-5.33L2.52-4.43H2.81Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g11-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g11-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq37-g11-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq37-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq37-g14-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq37-g7-53'/>
<use x='10.83' y='0' xlink:href='#eq37-g1-61'/>
<use x='22.18' y='0' xlink:href='#eq37-g7-17'/>
<use x='28.4' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq37-g11-105'/>
<use x='30.84' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq37-g11-110'/>
<use x='34.96' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq37-g11-118'/>
<use x='42.5' y='0' xlink:href='#eq37-g4-3'/>
<use x='50.86' y='0' xlink:href='#eq37-g7-54'/>
</g>
</svg></span> such that the mean
square error between <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.680em; height: 1.054em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -8.08 6.8 10.54">
<title>
\(f\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq38-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq38-page1'>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq38-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span> and <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.754em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 7.54 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq39-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq39-g5-94' d='M3.84-6.04L2.35-8.03H1.61L.13-6.04H.54L1.98-7.27L3.43-6.04H3.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq39-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq39-g5-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq39-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is minimized.</p>
<p>Finding <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.754em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 7.54 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq40-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq40-g5-94' d='M3.84-6.04L2.35-8.03H1.61L.13-6.04H.54L1.98-7.27L3.43-6.04H3.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq40-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq40-g5-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq40-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (returned in <code>out</code>) requires knowledge of the power spectra of the signal and the noise.
The Wiener deconvolution filter is defined in the frequency domain as</p>
<div class="m-math"><svg style="width: 9.535em; height: 2.478em; vertical-align: 0.001em; " viewBox="146.3 -24.79 95.35 24.78">
<title>
\[ H_\text{inv} = \frac{H^* S}{ H^* H S + N } \; , \]
</title>
<defs>
<use id='eq29-g7-184' xlink:href='#eq29-g4-184' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq29-g14-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g14-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g14-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g4-3' d='M3.57-2.92C3.57-3.07 3.45-3.22 3.29-3.22C3.09-3.22 2.38-2.51 2.12-2.36C2.12-2.85 2.37-3.34 2.37-3.63C2.37-3.82 2.24-3.93 2.06-3.93C1.89-3.93 1.78-3.81 1.78-3.63C1.78-3.29 1.99-2.83 1.99-2.36C1.71-2.52 1.03-3.26 .85-3.26C.69-3.26 .55-3.11 .55-2.95C.55-2.65 1.58-2.44 1.92-2.24C1.55-2.04 .87-1.93 .7-1.82C.61-1.76 .54-1.68 .54-1.56C.54-1.41 .66-1.27 .82-1.27C1.02-1.27 1.73-1.97 1.99-2.12C1.99-1.64 1.75-1.15 1.75-.85C1.75-.67 1.88-.55 2.05-.55S2.33-.68 2.33-.85C2.33-1.21 2.13-1.66 2.13-2.12C2.4-1.97 3.09-1.23 3.27-1.23C3.42-1.23 3.56-1.38 3.56-1.54C3.56-1.65 3.49-1.73 3.4-1.78C3.17-1.93 2.57-2.03 2.19-2.24C2.6-2.49 3.16-2.52 3.42-2.67C3.51-2.73 3.57-2.8 3.57-2.92Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g4-184' d='M2.49-2.53H.54V-1.96H2.49V0H3.07V-1.96H5.01V-2.53H3.07V-4.49H2.49V-2.53Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g10-29' d='M7.48 0V-.19C6.71-.27 6.55-.36 6.55-.69C6.55-.79 6.56-.88 6.59-.98L8.16-6.71C8.36-7.4 8.46-7.47 9.14-7.59V-7.78H6.19V-7.59C6.88-7.5 7.03-7.41 7.03-7.07C7.03-6.9 6.98-6.66 6.9-6.34L6.35-4.38H2.95L3.6-6.71C3.78-7.31 4.09-7.54 4.8-7.59V-7.78H1.55V-7.59C2.3-7.52 2.47-7.42 2.47-7.07C2.47-6.9 2.43-6.66 2.33-6.34L.87-1.07C.66-.38 .57-.31-.1-.19V0H2.83V-.19C2.12-.29 1.99-.37 1.99-.71C1.99-.8 2-.89 2.02-.98L2.81-3.88H6.21L5.43-1.07C5.24-.45 5-.27 4.23-.19V0H7.48Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g10-35' d='M8.66-7.59V-7.78H6.29V-7.59C6.97-7.53 7.12-7.41 7.12-6.98C7.12-6.84 7.1-6.71 7.02-6.46L6.99-6.36L5.78-1.83L3.3-7.78H1.38V-7.59C1.94-7.54 2.19-7.38 2.41-6.92L.99-1.95C.54-.43 .44-.29-.24-.19V0H2.12V-.19C1.5-.24 1.29-.37 1.29-.7C1.29-.86 1.32-1.1 1.39-1.35L2.75-6.37L5.49 .18H5.71L7.42-5.81C7.86-7.35 7.91-7.42 8.66-7.59Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g10-40' d='M5.13-2.17C5.13-2.94 4.87-3.39 3.79-4.49C2.7-5.57 2.61-5.74 2.61-6.32C2.61-7.07 3.11-7.54 3.92-7.54C4.36-7.54 4.72-7.4 4.97-7.11C5.24-6.81 5.34-6.41 5.36-5.61L5.57-5.57L6.05-7.94H5.78C5.61-7.69 5.5-7.63 5.24-7.63C5.09-7.63 4.94-7.67 4.69-7.77C4.44-7.87 4.05-7.93 3.68-7.93C2.44-7.93 1.56-7.11 1.56-5.94C1.56-5.3 1.74-4.95 2.45-4.19C2.61-4.04 2.76-3.87 2.92-3.69L3.38-3.19C3.94-2.61 4.1-2.3 4.1-1.79C4.1-.88 3.44-.2 2.56-.2C1.56-.2 .82-1.05 .82-2.22C.82-2.3 .82-2.35 .85-2.45L.61-2.48L.2 .18H.42C.5-.1 .63-.21 .87-.21C1-.21 1.17-.17 1.49-.06C2.04 .14 2.36 .21 2.73 .21C4.1 .21 5.13-.81 5.13-2.17Z'/>
<path id='eq29-g10-150' d='M2.32-.07C2.32-1.06 1.63-1.21 1.36-1.21C1.06-1.21 .67-1.04 .67-.52C.67-.05 1.1 .07 1.41 .07C1.49 .07 1.55 .06 1.58 .05C1.63 .04 1.67 .02 1.69 .02C1.77 .02 1.86 .08 1.86 .19C1.86 .42 1.67 .95 .88 1.45L.99 1.68C1.35 1.56 2.32 .77 2.32-.07Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq29-page1'>
<use x='146.4' y='-8.42' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-29'/>
<use x='155.15' y='-6.6' xlink:href='#eq29-g14-105'/>
<use x='157.59' y='-6.6' xlink:href='#eq29-g14-110'/>
<use x='161.71' y='-6.6' xlink:href='#eq29-g14-118'/>
<use x='169.91' y='-8.42' xlink:href='#eq29-g1-61'/>
<use x='198.3' y='-16.52' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-29'/>
<use x='207.6' y='-20.86' xlink:href='#eq29-g4-3'/>
<use x='212.47' y='-16.52' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-40'/>
<rect x='182.03' y='-11.83' height='.67' width='52.79'/>
<use x='182.34' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-29'/>
<use x='191.64' y='-3.68' xlink:href='#eq29-g4-3'/>
<use x='196.58' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-29'/>
<use x='206.12' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-40'/>
<use x='215.16' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq29-g7-184'/>
<use x='225.88' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-35'/>
<use x='239.33' y='-8.42' xlink:href='#eq29-g10-150'/>
</g>
</svg></div>
<p>where <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.798em; height: 0.815em; vertical-align: -0.022em; vertical-align: -0.022em;" viewBox=".6 -7.93 7.98 8.15">
<title>
\(G\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq41-g1-28' d='M8.6-3.61V-3.8H5.43V-3.61L5.78-3.57C6.17-3.54 6.36-3.42 6.36-3.2C6.36-2.94 6.29-2.63 6.05-1.83C5.79-.92 5.73-.77 5.59-.63C5.32-.37 4.87-.23 4.34-.23C2.8-.23 1.93-1.11 1.93-2.67C1.93-4.13 2.51-5.66 3.45-6.65C3.99-7.21 4.73-7.53 5.51-7.53C6.28-7.53 6.92-7.22 7.29-6.68C7.49-6.37 7.58-6.11 7.63-5.57L7.85-5.54L8.43-7.88L8.25-7.93C8.05-7.65 7.85-7.53 7.54-7.53C7.41-7.53 7.29-7.55 7.02-7.65C6.43-7.84 5.91-7.93 5.42-7.93C2.91-7.93 .62-5.55 .62-2.93C.62-2.12 .96-1.29 1.52-.71C2.13-.11 3 .21 4.04 .21C5.09 .21 5.94-.01 6.86-.52L7.44-2.75C7.63-3.42 7.83-3.56 8.6-3.61Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq41-page1'>
<use x='-.02' y='0' xlink:href='#eq41-g1-28'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the Fourier transform of <code>in</code>, <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.923em; height: 0.778em; vertical-align: -0.000em; vertical-align: -0.000em;" viewBox=".22 -7.78 9.23 7.78">
<title>
\(H\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq42-g1-29' d='M7.48 0V-.19C6.71-.27 6.55-.36 6.55-.69C6.55-.79 6.56-.88 6.59-.98L8.16-6.71C8.36-7.4 8.46-7.47 9.14-7.59V-7.78H6.19V-7.59C6.88-7.5 7.03-7.41 7.03-7.07C7.03-6.9 6.98-6.66 6.9-6.34L6.35-4.38H2.95L3.6-6.71C3.78-7.31 4.09-7.54 4.8-7.59V-7.78H1.55V-7.59C2.3-7.52 2.47-7.42 2.47-7.07C2.47-6.9 2.43-6.66 2.33-6.34L.87-1.07C.66-.38 .57-.31-.1-.19V0H2.83V-.19C2.12-.29 1.99-.37 1.99-.71C1.99-.8 2-.89 2.02-.98L2.81-3.88H6.21L5.43-1.07C5.24-.45 5-.27 4.23-.19V0H7.48Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq42-page1'>
<use x='.31' y='0' xlink:href='#eq42-g1-29'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the Fourier transform of <code>psf</code>, <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.585em; height: 0.816em; vertical-align: -0.022em; vertical-align: -0.022em;" viewBox=".44 -7.94 5.85 8.16">
<title>
\(S\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq43-g1-40' d='M5.13-2.17C5.13-2.94 4.87-3.39 3.79-4.49C2.7-5.57 2.61-5.74 2.61-6.32C2.61-7.07 3.11-7.54 3.92-7.54C4.36-7.54 4.72-7.4 4.97-7.11C5.24-6.81 5.34-6.41 5.36-5.61L5.57-5.57L6.05-7.94H5.78C5.61-7.69 5.5-7.63 5.24-7.63C5.09-7.63 4.94-7.67 4.69-7.77C4.44-7.87 4.05-7.93 3.68-7.93C2.44-7.93 1.56-7.11 1.56-5.94C1.56-5.3 1.74-4.95 2.45-4.19C2.61-4.04 2.76-3.87 2.92-3.69L3.38-3.19C3.94-2.61 4.1-2.3 4.1-1.79C4.1-.88 3.44-.2 2.56-.2C1.56-.2 .82-1.05 .82-2.22C.82-2.3 .82-2.35 .85-2.45L.61-2.48L.2 .18H.42C.5-.1 .63-.21 .87-.21C1-.21 1.17-.17 1.49-.06C2.04 .14 2.36 .21 2.73 .21C4.1 .21 5.13-.81 5.13-2.17Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq43-page1'>
<use x='.24' y='0' xlink:href='#eq43-g1-40'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is <code>signalPower</code>,
and <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.890em; height: 0.796em; vertical-align: -0.018em; vertical-align: -0.018em;" viewBox=".22 -7.78 8.9 7.96">
<title>
\(N\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq44-g1-35' d='M8.66-7.59V-7.78H6.29V-7.59C6.97-7.53 7.12-7.41 7.12-6.98C7.12-6.84 7.1-6.71 7.02-6.46L6.99-6.36L5.78-1.83L3.3-7.78H1.38V-7.59C1.94-7.54 2.19-7.38 2.41-6.92L.99-1.95C.54-.43 .44-.29-.24-.19V0H2.12V-.19C1.5-.24 1.29-.37 1.29-.7C1.29-.86 1.32-1.1 1.39-1.35L2.75-6.37L5.49 .18H5.71L7.42-5.81C7.86-7.35 7.91-7.42 8.66-7.59Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq44-page1'>
<use x='.45' y='0' xlink:href='#eq44-g1-35'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is <code>noisePower</code>. These <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.585em; height: 0.816em; vertical-align: -0.022em; vertical-align: -0.022em;" viewBox=".44 -7.94 5.85 8.16">
<title>
\(S\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq45-g1-40' d='M5.13-2.17C5.13-2.94 4.87-3.39 3.79-4.49C2.7-5.57 2.61-5.74 2.61-6.32C2.61-7.07 3.11-7.54 3.92-7.54C4.36-7.54 4.72-7.4 4.97-7.11C5.24-6.81 5.34-6.41 5.36-5.61L5.57-5.57L6.05-7.94H5.78C5.61-7.69 5.5-7.63 5.24-7.63C5.09-7.63 4.94-7.67 4.69-7.77C4.44-7.87 4.05-7.93 3.68-7.93C2.44-7.93 1.56-7.11 1.56-5.94C1.56-5.3 1.74-4.95 2.45-4.19C2.61-4.04 2.76-3.87 2.92-3.69L3.38-3.19C3.94-2.61 4.1-2.3 4.1-1.79C4.1-.88 3.44-.2 2.56-.2C1.56-.2 .82-1.05 .82-2.22C.82-2.3 .82-2.35 .85-2.45L.61-2.48L.2 .18H.42C.5-.1 .63-.21 .87-.21C1-.21 1.17-.17 1.49-.06C2.04 .14 2.36 .21 2.73 .21C4.1 .21 5.13-.81 5.13-2.17Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq45-page1'>
<use x='.24' y='0' xlink:href='#eq45-g1-40'/>
</g>
</svg></span> and <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.890em; height: 0.796em; vertical-align: -0.018em; vertical-align: -0.018em;" viewBox=".22 -7.78 8.9 7.96">
<title>
\(N\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq46-g1-35' d='M8.66-7.59V-7.78H6.29V-7.59C6.97-7.53 7.12-7.41 7.12-6.98C7.12-6.84 7.1-6.71 7.02-6.46L6.99-6.36L5.78-1.83L3.3-7.78H1.38V-7.59C1.94-7.54 2.19-7.38 2.41-6.92L.99-1.95C.54-.43 .44-.29-.24-.19V0H2.12V-.19C1.5-.24 1.29-.37 1.29-.7C1.29-.86 1.32-1.1 1.39-1.35L2.75-6.37L5.49 .18H5.71L7.42-5.81C7.86-7.35 7.91-7.42 8.66-7.59Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq46-page1'>
<use x='.45' y='0' xlink:href='#eq46-g1-35'/>
</g>
</svg></span> are typically not known, but:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>signalPower</code> can be estimated as the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation of <code>in</code>. If a raw image
is passed for this argument (<code>dip::Image{}</code>), then it will be computed as such.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>noisePower</code> can be estimated as a flat function, assuming white noise. A 0D image can be given here,
it will be expanded to the size of the other images. <code>noisePower</code> should not be zero anywhere, as that
might lead to division by zero and consequently meaningless results.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The other syntax for <code>dip::WienerDeconvolution</code> takes an estimate of the noise-to-signal
ratio instead of the signal and noise power spectra. Note that <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 1.957em; height: 0.972em; vertical-align: -0.194em; vertical-align: -0.195em;" viewBox=".22 -7.78 19.57 9.72">
<title>
\(H_\text{inv}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq47-g5-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq47-g5-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq47-g5-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
<path id='eq47-g1-29' d='M7.48 0V-.19C6.71-.27 6.55-.36 6.55-.69C6.55-.79 6.56-.88 6.59-.98L8.16-6.71C8.36-7.4 8.46-7.47 9.14-7.59V-7.78H6.19V-7.59C6.88-7.5 7.03-7.41 7.03-7.07C7.03-6.9 6.98-6.66 6.9-6.34L6.35-4.38H2.95L3.6-6.71C3.78-7.31 4.09-7.54 4.8-7.59V-7.78H1.55V-7.59C2.3-7.52 2.47-7.42 2.47-7.07C2.47-6.9 2.43-6.66 2.33-6.34L.87-1.07C.66-.38 .57-.31-.1-.19V0H2.83V-.19C2.12-.29 1.99-.37 1.99-.71C1.99-.8 2-.89 2.02-.98L2.81-3.88H6.21L5.43-1.07C5.24-.45 5-.27 4.23-.19V0H7.48Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq47-page1'>
<use x='.31' y='0' xlink:href='#eq47-g1-29'/>
<use x='9.06' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq47-g5-105'/>
<use x='11.5' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq47-g5-110'/>
<use x='15.62' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq47-g5-118'/>
</g>
</svg></span> can be rewritten as</p>
<div class="m-math"><svg style="width: 15.108em; height: 3.036em; vertical-align: -0.000em; " viewBox="118.44 -30.36 151.08 30.36">
<title>
\[ H_\text{inv} = \frac{H^*}{ H^* H + \frac{N}{S} } = \frac{H^*}{ H^* H + K } \; , \]
</title>
<defs>
<use id='eq30-g7-184' xlink:href='#eq30-g4-184' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq30-g17-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g17-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g17-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g4-3' d='M3.57-2.92C3.57-3.07 3.45-3.22 3.29-3.22C3.09-3.22 2.38-2.51 2.12-2.36C2.12-2.85 2.37-3.34 2.37-3.63C2.37-3.82 2.24-3.93 2.06-3.93C1.89-3.93 1.78-3.81 1.78-3.63C1.78-3.29 1.99-2.83 1.99-2.36C1.71-2.52 1.03-3.26 .85-3.26C.69-3.26 .55-3.11 .55-2.95C.55-2.65 1.58-2.44 1.92-2.24C1.55-2.04 .87-1.93 .7-1.82C.61-1.76 .54-1.68 .54-1.56C.54-1.41 .66-1.27 .82-1.27C1.02-1.27 1.73-1.97 1.99-2.12C1.99-1.64 1.75-1.15 1.75-.85C1.75-.67 1.88-.55 2.05-.55S2.33-.68 2.33-.85C2.33-1.21 2.13-1.66 2.13-2.12C2.4-1.97 3.09-1.23 3.27-1.23C3.42-1.23 3.56-1.38 3.56-1.54C3.56-1.65 3.49-1.73 3.4-1.78C3.17-1.93 2.57-2.03 2.19-2.24C2.6-2.49 3.16-2.52 3.42-2.67C3.51-2.73 3.57-2.8 3.57-2.92Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g4-184' d='M2.49-2.53H.54V-1.96H2.49V0H3.07V-1.96H5.01V-2.53H3.07V-4.49H2.49V-2.53Z'/>
<use id='eq30-g13-29' xlink:href='#eq30-g10-29' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<use id='eq30-g13-32' xlink:href='#eq30-g10-32' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<use id='eq30-g13-150' xlink:href='#eq30-g10-150' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq30-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g10-29' d='M5.49 0V-.14C4.92-.2 4.8-.26 4.8-.51C4.8-.58 4.81-.65 4.83-.72L5.98-4.92C6.13-5.42 6.2-5.48 6.7-5.56V-5.7H4.54V-5.56C5.05-5.5 5.15-5.43 5.15-5.19C5.15-5.06 5.12-4.88 5.06-4.65L4.66-3.21H2.17L2.64-4.92C2.77-5.36 3-5.53 3.52-5.56V-5.7H1.14V-5.56C1.69-5.51 1.81-5.44 1.81-5.19C1.81-5.06 1.78-4.88 1.71-4.65L.64-.79C.48-.28 .42-.23-.07-.14V0H2.08V-.14C1.55-.21 1.46-.27 1.46-.52C1.46-.59 1.47-.66 1.48-.72L2.06-2.85H4.55L3.98-.79C3.84-.33 3.67-.2 3.1-.14V0H5.49Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g10-32' d='M5.4 0V-.14C4.85-.19 4.8-.22 4.55-.63L3.03-3.28L5.65-5.25C5.9-5.43 6.1-5.53 6.31-5.56V-5.7H4.37V-5.56L4.6-5.54C4.81-5.52 4.9-5.47 4.9-5.37C4.9-5.16 4.42-4.7 3.64-4.15L2.31-3.22L2.78-4.92C2.91-5.35 3.14-5.53 3.66-5.56V-5.7H1.28V-5.56C1.83-5.51 1.95-5.44 1.95-5.19C1.95-5.06 1.92-4.88 1.85-4.65L.78-.79C.62-.26 .58-.22 .06-.14V0H2.23V-.14C1.68-.2 1.6-.25 1.6-.52C1.6-.62 1.61-.68 1.67-.86L1.72-1.05L2.26-3.04L3.32-1.22C3.53-.86 3.65-.56 3.65-.39C3.65-.26 3.53-.19 3.25-.17L3-.14V0H5.4Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g10-35' d='M6.35-5.56V-5.7H4.61V-5.56C5.11-5.52 5.22-5.43 5.22-5.12C5.22-5.01 5.21-4.92 5.14-4.73L5.13-4.66L4.24-1.35L2.42-5.7H1.01V-5.56C1.42-5.53 1.61-5.42 1.76-5.07L.72-1.43C.39-.31 .32-.21-.17-.14V0H1.55V-.14C1.1-.17 .94-.27 .94-.52C.94-.63 .97-.8 1.02-.99L2.02-4.67L4.03 .13H4.18L5.44-4.26C5.76-5.39 5.8-5.44 6.35-5.56Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g10-40' d='M3.76-1.59C3.76-2.16 3.57-2.49 2.78-3.29C1.98-4.09 1.91-4.21 1.91-4.64C1.91-5.19 2.28-5.53 2.87-5.53C3.2-5.53 3.46-5.42 3.64-5.21C3.84-5 3.91-4.7 3.93-4.11L4.09-4.09L4.44-5.83H4.24C4.11-5.64 4.04-5.6 3.84-5.6C3.73-5.6 3.62-5.62 3.44-5.69C3.26-5.77 2.97-5.82 2.7-5.82C1.79-5.82 1.14-5.21 1.14-4.36C1.14-3.89 1.28-3.63 1.8-3.07C1.91-2.96 2.03-2.84 2.14-2.71L2.48-2.34C2.89-1.91 3-1.69 3-1.31C3-.65 2.52-.15 1.88-.15C1.14-.15 .6-.77 .6-1.62C.6-1.69 .6-1.72 .62-1.8L.45-1.82L.15 .13H.31C.37-.07 .46-.16 .64-.16C.73-.16 .86-.12 1.09-.04C1.49 .1 1.73 .16 2 .16C3 .16 3.76-.59 3.76-1.59Z'/>
<path id='eq30-g10-150' d='M1.7-.05C1.7-.78 1.2-.89 1-.89C.78-.89 .49-.76 .49-.38C.49-.03 .8 .05 1.03 .05C1.09 .05 1.14 .04 1.16 .03C1.2 .03 1.22 .02 1.24 .02C1.3 .02 1.36 .06 1.36 .14C1.36 .31 1.22 .7 .65 1.07L.72 1.23C.99 1.14 1.7 .57 1.7-.05Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq30-page1'>
<use x='118.53' y='-14' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='127.29' y='-12.18' xlink:href='#eq30-g17-105'/>
<use x='129.72' y='-12.18' xlink:href='#eq30-g17-110'/>
<use x='133.84' y='-12.18' xlink:href='#eq30-g17-118'/>
<use x='142.05' y='-14' xlink:href='#eq30-g1-61'/>
<use x='170.38' y='-22.09' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='179.68' y='-26.43' xlink:href='#eq30-g4-3'/>
<rect x='154.17' y='-17.4' height='.67' width='46.05'/>
<use x='154.48' y='-4.29' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='163.78' y='-7.74' xlink:href='#eq30-g4-3'/>
<use x='168.72' y='-4.29' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='180.67' y='-4.29' xlink:href='#eq30-g7-184'/>
<use x='192.46' y='-9' xlink:href='#eq30-g10-35'/>
<rect x='192.13' y='-7.69' height='.67' width='6.89'/>
<use x='193.32' y='-.16' xlink:href='#eq30-g10-40'/>
<use x='204.73' y='-14' xlink:href='#eq30-g1-61'/>
<use x='232.96' y='-22.09' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='242.26' y='-26.43' xlink:href='#eq30-g4-3'/>
<rect x='216.85' y='-17.4' height='.67' width='45.83'/>
<use x='217.16' y='-5.8' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='226.46' y='-9.25' xlink:href='#eq30-g4-3'/>
<use x='231.4' y='-5.8' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-29'/>
<use x='243.36' y='-5.8' xlink:href='#eq30-g7-184'/>
<use x='253.8' y='-5.8' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-32'/>
<use x='267.2' y='-14' xlink:href='#eq30-g13-150'/>
</g>
</svg></div>
<p>where <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.852em; height: 0.778em; vertical-align: -0.000em; vertical-align: -0.000em;" viewBox=".26 -7.78 8.52 7.78">
<title>
\(K\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq48-g1-32' d='M7.36 0V-.19C6.61-.26 6.54-.3 6.21-.86L4.13-4.47L7.71-7.16C8.05-7.41 8.31-7.54 8.6-7.59V-7.78H5.96V-7.59L6.28-7.55C6.56-7.53 6.68-7.46 6.68-7.32C6.68-7.04 6.03-6.41 4.97-5.66L3.16-4.39L3.79-6.71C3.97-7.3 4.29-7.54 4.99-7.59V-7.78H1.74V-7.59C2.49-7.52 2.66-7.42 2.66-7.07C2.66-6.9 2.62-6.66 2.53-6.34L1.06-1.07C.85-.36 .79-.3 .08-.19V0H3.04V-.19C2.29-.27 2.18-.35 2.18-.71C2.18-.85 2.19-.93 2.27-1.18L2.35-1.43L3.08-4.14L4.53-1.67C4.81-1.18 4.98-.76 4.98-.54C4.98-.36 4.81-.26 4.43-.23L4.09-.19V0H7.36Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq48-page1'>
<use x='.18' y='0' xlink:href='#eq48-g1-32'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the noise-to-signal ratio. If <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.852em; height: 0.778em; vertical-align: -0.000em; vertical-align: -0.000em;" viewBox=".26 -7.78 8.52 7.78">
<title>
\(K\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq49-g1-32' d='M7.36 0V-.19C6.61-.26 6.54-.3 6.21-.86L4.13-4.47L7.71-7.16C8.05-7.41 8.31-7.54 8.6-7.59V-7.78H5.96V-7.59L6.28-7.55C6.56-7.53 6.68-7.46 6.68-7.32C6.68-7.04 6.03-6.41 4.97-5.66L3.16-4.39L3.79-6.71C3.97-7.3 4.29-7.54 4.99-7.59V-7.78H1.74V-7.59C2.49-7.52 2.66-7.42 2.66-7.07C2.66-6.9 2.62-6.66 2.53-6.34L1.06-1.07C.85-.36 .79-.3 .08-.19V0H3.04V-.19C2.29-.27 2.18-.35 2.18-.71C2.18-.85 2.19-.93 2.27-1.18L2.35-1.43L3.08-4.14L4.53-1.67C4.81-1.18 4.98-.76 4.98-.54C4.98-.36 4.81-.26 4.43-.23L4.09-.19V0H7.36Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq49-page1'>
<use x='.18' y='0' xlink:href='#eq49-g1-32'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is a constant, then the Wiener deconvolution filter is
equivalent to the Tikhonov regularized inverse filter.</p>
<p><code>psf</code> is given in the spatial domain, and will be zero-padded to the size of <code>in</code> and Fourier transformed.
The PSF (point spread function) should sum to one in order to preserve the mean image intensity.
If the OTF (optical transfer function, the Fourier transform of the PSF) is known, it is possible to pass
that as <code>psf</code>; add the string <code>"OTF"</code> to <code>options</code>.</p>
<p>All input images must be real-valued and scalar, except if the OFT is given instead of the PSF, in which
case <code>psf</code> could be complex-valued.</p>
<p>If <code>"pad"</code> is in <code>options</code>, then <code>in</code> is padded by the size of <code>psf</code> in all directions (padded area
is filled by mirroring at the image border). This significantly reduces the effects of the periodicity
of the frequency-domain convolution. <code>"pad"</code> cannot be combined with <code>"OTF"</code>.</p>
<aside class="m-note m-default">
<h4>Literature</h4>
<ul>
<li>G.M.P. van Kempen, “Image Restoration in Fluorescence Microscopy”,
PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 1998.</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</div></section>
<section class="m-doc-details" id="dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL"><div>
<h3>
<span class="m-doc-return">void </span>
<span class="m-doc-name"><a href="#dip-WienerDeconvolution-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc-self">dip::<wbr />WienerDeconvolution</a></span>(
<span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 1e-4, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD}</span>) </h3>
<p>Wiener deconvolution using an estimate of noise-to-signal ratio.</p>
<p>See the description of the function with the same name above. The difference here is that a single number,
<code>regularization</code>, is given instead of the signal and noise power spectra. We then set <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.852em; height: 0.778em; vertical-align: -0.000em; vertical-align: -0.000em;" viewBox=".26 -7.78 8.52 7.78">
<title>
\(K\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq50-g1-32' d='M7.36 0V-.19C6.61-.26 6.54-.3 6.21-.86L4.13-4.47L7.71-7.16C8.05-7.41 8.31-7.54 8.6-7.59V-7.78H5.96V-7.59L6.28-7.55C6.56-7.53 6.68-7.46 6.68-7.32C6.68-7.04 6.03-6.41 4.97-5.66L3.16-4.39L3.79-6.71C3.97-7.3 4.29-7.54 4.99-7.59V-7.78H1.74V-7.59C2.49-7.52 2.66-7.42 2.66-7.07C2.66-6.9 2.62-6.66 2.53-6.34L1.06-1.07C.85-.36 .79-.3 .08-.19V0H3.04V-.19C2.29-.27 2.18-.35 2.18-.71C2.18-.85 2.19-.93 2.27-1.18L2.35-1.43L3.08-4.14L4.53-1.67C4.81-1.18 4.98-.76 4.98-.54C4.98-.36 4.81-.26 4.43-.23L4.09-.19V0H7.36Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq50-page1'>
<use x='.18' y='0' xlink:href='#eq50-g1-32'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (the
noise-to-signal ratio) to <code>regularization * dip::Maximum(P)</code>, with <code>P</code> equal to <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 2.347em; height: 0.827em; vertical-align: -0.000em; vertical-align: -0.000em;" viewBox=".22 -8.27 23.47 8.27">
<title>
\(H^* H\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq51-g1-3' d='M3.57-2.92C3.57-3.07 3.45-3.22 3.29-3.22C3.09-3.22 2.38-2.51 2.12-2.36C2.12-2.85 2.37-3.34 2.37-3.63C2.37-3.82 2.24-3.93 2.06-3.93C1.89-3.93 1.78-3.81 1.78-3.63C1.78-3.29 1.99-2.83 1.99-2.36C1.71-2.52 1.03-3.26 .85-3.26C.69-3.26 .55-3.11 .55-2.95C.55-2.65 1.58-2.44 1.92-2.24C1.55-2.04 .87-1.93 .7-1.82C.61-1.76 .54-1.68 .54-1.56C.54-1.41 .66-1.27 .82-1.27C1.02-1.27 1.73-1.97 1.99-2.12C1.99-1.64 1.75-1.15 1.75-.85C1.75-.67 1.88-.55 2.05-.55S2.33-.68 2.33-.85C2.33-1.21 2.13-1.66 2.13-2.12C2.4-1.97 3.09-1.23 3.27-1.23C3.42-1.23 3.56-1.38 3.56-1.54C3.56-1.65 3.49-1.73 3.4-1.78C3.17-1.93 2.57-2.03 2.19-2.24C2.6-2.49 3.16-2.52 3.42-2.67C3.51-2.73 3.57-2.8 3.57-2.92Z'/>
<path id='eq51-g4-29' d='M7.48 0V-.19C6.71-.27 6.55-.36 6.55-.69C6.55-.79 6.56-.88 6.59-.98L8.16-6.71C8.36-7.4 8.46-7.47 9.14-7.59V-7.78H6.19V-7.59C6.88-7.5 7.03-7.41 7.03-7.07C7.03-6.9 6.98-6.66 6.9-6.34L6.35-4.38H2.95L3.6-6.71C3.78-7.31 4.09-7.54 4.8-7.59V-7.78H1.55V-7.59C2.3-7.52 2.47-7.42 2.47-7.07C2.47-6.9 2.43-6.66 2.33-6.34L.87-1.07C.66-.38 .57-.31-.1-.19V0H2.83V-.19C2.12-.29 1.99-.37 1.99-.71C1.99-.8 2-.89 2.02-.98L2.81-3.88H6.21L5.43-1.07C5.24-.45 5-.27 4.23-.19V0H7.48Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq51-page1'>
<use x='.31' y='0' xlink:href='#eq51-g4-29'/>
<use x='9.61' y='-4.34' xlink:href='#eq51-g1-3'/>
<use x='14.55' y='0' xlink:href='#eq51-g4-29'/>
</g>
</svg></span>.</p>
<p>This formulation of the Wiener deconvolution filter is equivalent to the Tikhonov regularized inverse filter.</p>
<aside class="m-note m-default">
<h4>Literature</h4>
<ul>
<li>G.M.P. van Kempen, “Image Restoration in Fluorescence Microscopy”,
PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 1998.</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</div></section>
<section class="m-doc-details" id="dip-TikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL"><div>
<h3>
<span class="m-doc-return">void </span>
<span class="m-doc-name"><a href="#dip-TikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc-self">dip::<wbr />TikhonovMiller</a></span>(
<span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 0.1, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD}</span>) </h3>
<p>Tikhonov-Miller deconvolution.</p>
<p>Assuming some original image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.680em; height: 1.054em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -8.08 6.8 10.54">
<title>
\(f\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq54-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq54-page1'>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq54-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span>, a known convolution kernel <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.547em; height: 0.824em; vertical-align: -0.011em; vertical-align: -0.011em;" viewBox=".66 -8.13 5.47 8.24">
<title>
\(h\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq55-g1-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq55-page1'>
<use x='.43' y='0' xlink:href='#eq55-g1-17'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (given by <code>psf</code>), a noise realization <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.548em; height: 0.536em; vertical-align: -0.011em; vertical-align: -0.011em;" viewBox=".23 -5.25 5.48 5.36">
<title>
\(n\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq56-g1-61' d='M5.65-1.24L5.48-1.39C5.4-1.29 5.31-1.18 5.23-1.08C4.88-.64 4.67-.45 4.5-.45C4.39-.45 4.31-.54 4.31-.64C4.31-.74 4.36-.96 4.48-1.39L5.16-3.85C5.23-4.1 5.26-4.36 5.26-4.53C5.26-4.95 4.94-5.25 4.48-5.25C3.72-5.25 2.97-4.53 1.74-2.63L2.54-5.23L2.5-5.25L.57-4.88V-4.69C1.18-4.68 1.33-4.61 1.33-4.37C1.33-4.3 1.32-4.23 1.31-4.17L.17 0H1.06C1.62-1.88 1.73-2.14 2.25-2.95C2.97-4.06 3.57-4.65 4.01-4.65C4.19-4.65 4.3-4.51 4.3-4.3C4.3-4.16 4.23-3.76 4.13-3.39L3.61-1.43C3.45-.81 3.42-.66 3.42-.54C3.42-.08 3.59 .11 3.98 .11C4.51 .11 4.81-.13 5.65-1.24Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq56-page1'>
<use x='.06' y='0' xlink:href='#eq56-g1-61'/>
</g>
</svg></span>,
and an observed image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 6.420em; height: 1.060em; vertical-align: -0.247em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".18 -8.13 64.2 10.6">
<title>
\(g = h * f + n\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq57-g4-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq57-g4-184' d='M3.39-3.45H.74V-2.67H3.39V0H4.18V-2.67H6.84V-3.45H4.18V-6.12H3.39V-3.45Z'/>
<path id='eq57-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq57-g7-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq57-g7-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq57-g7-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<path id='eq57-g7-61' d='M5.65-1.24L5.48-1.39C5.4-1.29 5.31-1.18 5.23-1.08C4.88-.64 4.67-.45 4.5-.45C4.39-.45 4.31-.54 4.31-.64C4.31-.74 4.36-.96 4.48-1.39L5.16-3.85C5.23-4.1 5.26-4.36 5.26-4.53C5.26-4.95 4.94-5.25 4.48-5.25C3.72-5.25 2.97-4.53 1.74-2.63L2.54-5.23L2.5-5.25L.57-4.88V-4.69C1.18-4.68 1.33-4.61 1.33-4.37C1.33-4.3 1.32-4.23 1.31-4.17L.17 0H1.06C1.62-1.88 1.73-2.14 2.25-2.95C2.97-4.06 3.57-4.65 4.01-4.65C4.19-4.65 4.3-4.51 4.3-4.3C4.3-4.16 4.23-3.76 4.13-3.39L3.61-1.43C3.45-.81 3.42-.66 3.42-.54C3.42-.08 3.59 .11 3.98 .11C4.51 .11 4.81-.13 5.65-1.24Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq57-page1'>
<use x='.07' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g7-54'/>
<use x='9.73' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g1-61'/>
<use x='21.09' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g7-17'/>
<use x='29.96' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g4-3'/>
<use x='40.33' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g7-53'/>
<use x='48.41' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g4-184'/>
<use x='58.73' y='0' xlink:href='#eq57-g7-61'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (given by <code>in</code>), the Tikhonov-Miller deconvolution filter is the linear filter
<span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 1.671em; height: 1.008em; vertical-align: -0.195em; vertical-align: -0.195em;" viewBox=".66 -8.13 16.71 10.08">
<title>
\(h_\text{inv}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq58-g5-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq58-g5-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq58-g5-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
<path id='eq58-g1-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq58-page1'>
<use x='.43' y='0' xlink:href='#eq58-g1-17'/>
<use x='6.65' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq58-g5-105'/>
<use x='9.08' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq58-g5-110'/>
<use x='13.2' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq58-g5-118'/>
</g>
</svg></span> that, when convolved with <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.548em; height: 0.771em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.246em;" viewBox=".18 -5.25 5.48 7.71">
<title>
\(g\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq59-g1-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq59-page1'>
<use x='.07' y='0' xlink:href='#eq59-g1-54'/>
</g>
</svg></span>, yields an image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 5.611em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 56.11 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f} = h_\text{inv} * g\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq60-g4-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g7-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g7-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g7-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<use id='eq60-g14-94' xlink:href='#eq60-g11-94' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq60-g11-94' d='M2.81-4.43L1.72-5.89H1.18L.1-4.43H.39L1.45-5.33L2.52-4.43H2.81Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g11-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g11-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq60-g11-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq60-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq60-g14-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq60-g7-53'/>
<use x='10.83' y='0' xlink:href='#eq60-g1-61'/>
<use x='22.18' y='0' xlink:href='#eq60-g7-17'/>
<use x='28.4' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq60-g11-105'/>
<use x='30.84' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq60-g11-110'/>
<use x='34.96' y='1.82' xlink:href='#eq60-g11-118'/>
<use x='42.5' y='0' xlink:href='#eq60-g4-3'/>
<use x='50.86' y='0' xlink:href='#eq60-g7-54'/>
</g>
</svg></span> that minimizes the Tikhonov
functional,</p>
<div class="m-math"><svg style="width: 16.791em; height: 1.735em; vertical-align: 0.003em; " viewBox="110.12 -17.38 167.91 17.35">
<title>
\[ \Theta(\hat{f}) = \left\lVert h * \hat{f} - g \right\rVert^2 + \lambda \left\lVert c * \hat{f} \right\rVert^2 \; , \]
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq52-g10-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g10-50' d='M4.36-1.14L4.17-1.26C3.51-.56 3.05-.3 2.47-.3C1.79-.3 1.38-.8 1.38-1.66C1.38-2.67 1.8-3.73 2.47-4.43C2.81-4.79 3.29-5 3.76-5C4.04-5 4.2-4.91 4.2-4.76C4.2-4.7 4.19-4.65 4.13-4.54C4.05-4.38 4.03-4.31 4.03-4.19C4.03-3.91 4.2-3.74 4.49-3.74C4.82-3.74 5.06-3.97 5.06-4.29C5.06-4.85 4.54-5.25 3.81-5.25C2.02-5.25 .36-3.51 .36-1.66C.36-.52 1 .13 2.11 .13C3 .13 3.63-.23 4.36-1.14Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g10-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g10-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g10-95' d='M6.28-.87L6.26-.89C6.1-.89 5.9-.49 5.4-.49C3.14-.49 7.24-7.8 3.74-7.8H3.61C3.39-7.8 2.89-7.62 2.74-7.48C2.73-7.47 2.82-7.36 2.83-7.36C2.89-7.41 3.16-7.52 3.39-7.52C4.55-7.52 4.24-5.61 4.24-5.3C4.25-5.26 4.24-5.24 4.23-5.19C3.99-4.09 .48-.96 .19 0H1.38C1.38-.12 1.39-.24 1.42-.37C1.76-1.89 4.1-4.2 4.1-4.22H4.11C4.04-3.6 2.97 .13 4.91 .13C5.43 .13 6.25-.73 6.28-.87Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g10-150' d='M2.32-.07C2.32-1.06 1.63-1.21 1.36-1.21C1.06-1.21 .67-1.04 .67-.52C.67-.05 1.1 .07 1.41 .07C1.49 .07 1.55 .06 1.58 .05C1.63 .04 1.67 .02 1.69 .02C1.77 .02 1.86 .08 1.86 .19C1.86 .42 1.67 .95 .88 1.45L.99 1.68C1.35 1.56 2.32 .77 2.32-.07Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g14-50' d='M4.15-1.2L4.04-1.24C3.71-.74 3.6-.66 3.21-.66H1.12L2.59-2.2C3.36-3.01 3.7-3.68 3.7-4.36C3.7-5.23 3-5.9 2.09-5.9C1.61-5.9 1.15-5.71 .83-5.36C.55-5.07 .42-4.79 .27-4.17L.45-4.12C.8-4.98 1.12-5.26 1.72-5.26C2.45-5.26 2.95-4.76 2.95-4.03C2.95-3.35 2.55-2.53 1.82-1.76L.26-.1V0H3.67L4.15-1.2Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g14-94' d='M2.81-4.43L1.72-5.89H1.18L.1-4.43H.39L1.45-5.33L2.52-4.43H2.81Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g7-0' d='M6.84-2.73V-3.39H.74V-2.73H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g7-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g7-184' d='M3.39-3.45H.74V-2.67H3.39V0H4.18V-2.67H6.84V-3.45H4.18V-6.12H3.39V-3.45Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g7-185' d='M3.51-8.54C1.79-7.42 .57-5.49 .57-3.06C.57-.85 1.83 1.39 3.48 2.41L3.62 2.22C2.05 .98 1.6-.46 1.6-3.1C1.6-5.74 2.08-7.11 3.62-8.35L3.51-8.54Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g7-186' d='M.45-8.54L.35-8.35C1.88-7.11 2.37-5.74 2.37-3.1C2.37-.46 1.92 .98 .35 2.22L.49 2.41C2.13 1.39 3.39-.85 3.39-3.06C3.39-5.49 2.18-7.42 .45-8.54Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g4-13' d='M4.17 7.15V-.36H3.45V7.15H4.17ZM1.74 7.15V-.36H1.02V7.15H1.74Z'/>
<use id='eq52-g17-94' xlink:href='#eq52-g14-94' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq52-g1-2' d='M5.97-2.81C5.88-3.18 5.84-3.94 5.84-4.3C5.84-4.65 5.88-4.92 5.97-5.25H5.67C5.59-4.85 5.38-4.56 4.98-4.56H3.72C3.25-4.56 3.13-4.76 2.97-5.25H2.67C2.75-4.87 2.8-4.2 2.8-3.85C2.8-3.51 2.76-3.12 2.68-2.81H2.98C3.14-3.3 3.28-3.55 3.73-3.55H4.98C5.41-3.55 5.56-3.26 5.67-2.81H5.97ZM8.19-3.94C8.19-6.3 6.63-8.05 4.3-8.05C1.98-8.05 .4-6.4 .4-3.98C.4-1.5 1.99 .17 4.3 .17C6.59 .17 8.19-1.49 8.19-3.94ZM6.84-4.01C6.84-2.58 6.5-1.46 5.85-.83C5.43-.44 4.91-.26 4.31-.26C3.76-.26 3.24-.43 2.83-.8C2.11-1.46 1.76-2.54 1.76-3.95C1.76-5.09 2.07-6.24 2.58-6.82C3.05-7.36 3.64-7.62 4.29-7.62C4.85-7.62 5.32-7.42 5.75-7.06C6.43-6.49 6.84-5.37 6.84-4.01Z'/>
<path id='eq52-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq52-page1'>
<use x='109.72' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g1-2'/>
<use x='118.94' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g7-185'/>
<use x='127.44' y='-6.79' xlink:href='#eq52-g17-94'/>
<use x='125.48' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-53'/>
<use x='130.91' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g7-186'/>
<use x='138.81' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g1-61'/>
<use x='149.74' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='149.74' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='155.38' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-17'/>
<use x='164.25' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g7-3'/>
<use x='176.57' y='-6.79' xlink:href='#eq52-g17-94'/>
<use x='174.62' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-53'/>
<use x='182.7' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g7-0'/>
<use x='193.04' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-54'/>
<use x='199.38' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='199.38' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='204.59' y='-11.48' xlink:href='#eq52-g14-50'/>
<use x='212.13' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g7-184'/>
<use x='222.23' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-95'/>
<use x='230.84' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='230.84' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='236.19' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-50'/>
<use x='244.5' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g7-3'/>
<use x='256.83' y='-6.79' xlink:href='#eq52-g17-94'/>
<use x='254.87' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-53'/>
<use x='260.3' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='260.3' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq52-g4-13'/>
<use x='265.51' y='-11.48' xlink:href='#eq52-g14-50'/>
<use x='275.71' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq52-g10-150'/>
</g>
</svg></div>
<p>where <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.705em; height: 0.793em; vertical-align: -0.013em; vertical-align: -0.013em;" viewBox=".04 -7.8 7.05 7.93">
<title>
\(\lambda\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq61-g1-95' d='M6.28-.87L6.26-.89C6.1-.89 5.9-.49 5.4-.49C3.14-.49 7.24-7.8 3.74-7.8H3.61C3.39-7.8 2.89-7.62 2.74-7.48C2.73-7.47 2.82-7.36 2.83-7.36C2.89-7.41 3.16-7.52 3.39-7.52C4.55-7.52 4.24-5.61 4.24-5.3C4.25-5.26 4.24-5.24 4.23-5.19C3.99-4.09 .48-.96 .19 0H1.38C1.38-.12 1.39-.24 1.42-.37C1.76-1.89 4.1-4.2 4.1-4.22H4.11C4.04-3.6 2.97 .13 4.91 .13C5.43 .13 6.25-.73 6.28-.87Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq61-page1'>
<use x='-.16' y='0' xlink:href='#eq61-g1-95'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the regularization parameter (given by <code>regularization</code>), and <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.470em; height: 0.538em; vertical-align: -0.013em; vertical-align: -0.013em;" viewBox=".49 -5.25 4.7 5.38">
<title>
\(c\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq62-g1-50' d='M4.36-1.14L4.17-1.26C3.51-.56 3.05-.3 2.47-.3C1.79-.3 1.38-.8 1.38-1.66C1.38-2.67 1.8-3.73 2.47-4.43C2.81-4.79 3.29-5 3.76-5C4.04-5 4.2-4.91 4.2-4.76C4.2-4.7 4.19-4.65 4.13-4.54C4.05-4.38 4.03-4.31 4.03-4.19C4.03-3.91 4.2-3.74 4.49-3.74C4.82-3.74 5.06-3.97 5.06-4.29C5.06-4.85 4.54-5.25 3.81-5.25C2.02-5.25 .36-3.51 .36-1.66C.36-.52 1 .13 2.11 .13C3 .13 3.63-.23 4.36-1.14Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq62-page1'>
<use x='.13' y='0' xlink:href='#eq62-g1-50'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the regularization kernel,
for which we use an ideal Laplace kernel here. <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.754em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 7.54 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq63-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq63-g5-94' d='M3.84-6.04L2.35-8.03H1.61L.13-6.04H.54L1.98-7.27L3.43-6.04H3.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq63-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq63-g5-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq63-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is returned in <code>out</code>.</p>
<p>In the frequency domain, the Tikhonov-Miller deconvolution filter is defined as</p>
<div class="m-math"><svg style="width: 10.745em; height: 2.478em; vertical-align: 0.001em; " viewBox="140.26 -24.79 107.45 24.78">
<title>
\[ H_\text{inv} = \frac{H^*}{ H^* H + \lambda C^* C } \; , \]
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq53-g4-3' d='M3.57-2.92C3.57-3.07 3.45-3.22 3.29-3.22C3.09-3.22 2.38-2.51 2.12-2.36C2.12-2.85 2.37-3.34 2.37-3.63C2.37-3.82 2.24-3.93 2.06-3.93C1.89-3.93 1.78-3.81 1.78-3.63C1.78-3.29 1.99-2.83 1.99-2.36C1.71-2.52 1.03-3.26 .85-3.26C.69-3.26 .55-3.11 .55-2.95C.55-2.65 1.58-2.44 1.92-2.24C1.55-2.04 .87-1.93 .7-1.82C.61-1.76 .54-1.68 .54-1.56C.54-1.41 .66-1.27 .82-1.27C1.02-1.27 1.73-1.97 1.99-2.12C1.99-1.64 1.75-1.15 1.75-.85C1.75-.67 1.88-.55 2.05-.55S2.33-.68 2.33-.85C2.33-1.21 2.13-1.66 2.13-2.12C2.4-1.97 3.09-1.23 3.27-1.23C3.42-1.23 3.56-1.38 3.56-1.54C3.56-1.65 3.49-1.73 3.4-1.78C3.17-1.93 2.57-2.03 2.19-2.24C2.6-2.49 3.16-2.52 3.42-2.67C3.51-2.73 3.57-2.8 3.57-2.92Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g4-184' d='M2.49-2.53H.54V-1.96H2.49V0H3.07V-1.96H5.01V-2.53H3.07V-4.49H2.49V-2.53Z'/>
<use id='eq53-g7-184' xlink:href='#eq53-g4-184' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq53-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g14-105' d='M2.21 0V-.13C1.63-.17 1.56-.26 1.56-.89V-3.99L1.53-4.02L.17-3.54V-3.41L.24-3.42C.35-3.43 .46-3.44 .54-3.44C.75-3.44 .83-3.3 .83-2.92V-.89C.83-.26 .74-.17 .14-.13V0H2.21ZM1.64-5.52C1.64-5.76 1.45-5.97 1.2-5.97C.95-5.97 .75-5.76 .75-5.52C.75-5.27 .95-5.07 1.2-5.07C1.45-5.07 1.64-5.27 1.64-5.52Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g14-110' d='M4.24 0V-.13C3.81-.17 3.7-.28 3.7-.71V-2.71C3.7-3.53 3.32-4.02 2.67-4.02C2.27-4.02 2-3.87 1.41-3.31V-4L1.35-4.02C.92-3.86 .62-3.76 .14-3.62V-3.48C.19-3.5 .28-3.51 .38-3.51C.62-3.51 .7-3.38 .7-2.95V-.79C.7-.29 .6-.17 .16-.13V0H2.01V-.13C1.56-.17 1.43-.27 1.43-.59V-3.04C1.85-3.43 2.04-3.54 2.33-3.54C2.76-3.54 2.97-3.27 2.97-2.69V-.86C2.97-.31 2.86-.17 2.42-.13V0H4.24Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g14-118' d='M4.17-3.8V-3.93H2.95V-3.8C3.23-3.77 3.36-3.69 3.36-3.52C3.36-3.43 3.35-3.35 3.31-3.26L2.45-1L1.55-3.23C1.5-3.35 1.48-3.48 1.48-3.55C1.48-3.71 1.57-3.77 1.88-3.8V-3.93H.17V-3.8C.5-3.78 .56-3.69 .96-2.79L2.01-.29C2.03-.24 2.05-.17 2.08-.1C2.13 .05 2.18 .12 2.24 .12S2.35 .01 2.48-.31L3.6-3.12C3.85-3.71 3.9-3.77 4.17-3.8Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g10-24' d='M7.15-1.56L6.94-1.73C5.87-.67 5.18-.32 4.2-.32C2.88-.32 2.12-1.21 2.12-2.76C2.12-4.18 2.69-5.62 3.62-6.59C4.19-7.18 4.94-7.5 5.73-7.5C6.82-7.5 7.43-6.86 7.55-5.57L7.77-5.54L8.21-7.91H7.96C7.86-7.72 7.74-7.65 7.5-7.65C7.4-7.65 7.27-7.67 7.02-7.73C6.49-7.86 6.01-7.93 5.62-7.93C3.07-7.93 .79-5.55 .79-2.89C.79-1.07 2.07 .21 3.89 .21C5.12 .21 6.07-.3 7.15-1.56Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g10-29' d='M7.48 0V-.19C6.71-.27 6.55-.36 6.55-.69C6.55-.79 6.56-.88 6.59-.98L8.16-6.71C8.36-7.4 8.46-7.47 9.14-7.59V-7.78H6.19V-7.59C6.88-7.5 7.03-7.41 7.03-7.07C7.03-6.9 6.98-6.66 6.9-6.34L6.35-4.38H2.95L3.6-6.71C3.78-7.31 4.09-7.54 4.8-7.59V-7.78H1.55V-7.59C2.3-7.52 2.47-7.42 2.47-7.07C2.47-6.9 2.43-6.66 2.33-6.34L.87-1.07C.66-.38 .57-.31-.1-.19V0H2.83V-.19C2.12-.29 1.99-.37 1.99-.71C1.99-.8 2-.89 2.02-.98L2.81-3.88H6.21L5.43-1.07C5.24-.45 5-.27 4.23-.19V0H7.48Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g10-95' d='M6.28-.87L6.26-.89C6.1-.89 5.9-.49 5.4-.49C3.14-.49 7.24-7.8 3.74-7.8H3.61C3.39-7.8 2.89-7.62 2.74-7.48C2.73-7.47 2.82-7.36 2.83-7.36C2.89-7.41 3.16-7.52 3.39-7.52C4.55-7.52 4.24-5.61 4.24-5.3C4.25-5.26 4.24-5.24 4.23-5.19C3.99-4.09 .48-.96 .19 0H1.38C1.38-.12 1.39-.24 1.42-.37C1.76-1.89 4.1-4.2 4.1-4.22H4.11C4.04-3.6 2.97 .13 4.91 .13C5.43 .13 6.25-.73 6.28-.87Z'/>
<path id='eq53-g10-150' d='M2.32-.07C2.32-1.06 1.63-1.21 1.36-1.21C1.06-1.21 .67-1.04 .67-.52C.67-.05 1.1 .07 1.41 .07C1.49 .07 1.55 .06 1.58 .05C1.63 .04 1.67 .02 1.69 .02C1.77 .02 1.86 .08 1.86 .19C1.86 .42 1.67 .95 .88 1.45L.99 1.68C1.35 1.56 2.32 .77 2.32-.07Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq53-page1'>
<use x='140.35' y='-8.42' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-29'/>
<use x='149.1' y='-6.6' xlink:href='#eq53-g14-105'/>
<use x='151.54' y='-6.6' xlink:href='#eq53-g14-110'/>
<use x='155.66' y='-6.6' xlink:href='#eq53-g14-118'/>
<use x='163.86' y='-8.42' xlink:href='#eq53-g1-61'/>
<use x='201.62' y='-16.52' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-29'/>
<use x='210.92' y='-20.86' xlink:href='#eq53-g4-3'/>
<rect x='175.98' y='-11.83' height='.67' width='64.88'/>
<use x='176.29' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-29'/>
<use x='185.6' y='-3.68' xlink:href='#eq53-g4-3'/>
<use x='190.53' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-29'/>
<use x='202.49' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq53-g7-184'/>
<use x='212.6' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-95'/>
<use x='219.02' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-24'/>
<use x='227.73' y='-3.68' xlink:href='#eq53-g4-3'/>
<use x='232.16' y='-.22' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-24'/>
<use x='245.38' y='-8.42' xlink:href='#eq53-g10-150'/>
</g>
</svg></div>
<p>where <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.798em; height: 0.815em; vertical-align: -0.022em; vertical-align: -0.022em;" viewBox=".6 -7.93 7.98 8.15">
<title>
\(G\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq64-g1-28' d='M8.6-3.61V-3.8H5.43V-3.61L5.78-3.57C6.17-3.54 6.36-3.42 6.36-3.2C6.36-2.94 6.29-2.63 6.05-1.83C5.79-.92 5.73-.77 5.59-.63C5.32-.37 4.87-.23 4.34-.23C2.8-.23 1.93-1.11 1.93-2.67C1.93-4.13 2.51-5.66 3.45-6.65C3.99-7.21 4.73-7.53 5.51-7.53C6.28-7.53 6.92-7.22 7.29-6.68C7.49-6.37 7.58-6.11 7.63-5.57L7.85-5.54L8.43-7.88L8.25-7.93C8.05-7.65 7.85-7.53 7.54-7.53C7.41-7.53 7.29-7.55 7.02-7.65C6.43-7.84 5.91-7.93 5.42-7.93C2.91-7.93 .62-5.55 .62-2.93C.62-2.12 .96-1.29 1.52-.71C2.13-.11 3 .21 4.04 .21C5.09 .21 5.94-.01 6.86-.52L7.44-2.75C7.63-3.42 7.83-3.56 8.6-3.61Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq64-page1'>
<use x='-.02' y='0' xlink:href='#eq64-g1-28'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the Fourier transform of <code>in</code>, <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.923em; height: 0.778em; vertical-align: -0.000em; vertical-align: -0.000em;" viewBox=".22 -7.78 9.23 7.78">
<title>
\(H\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq65-g1-29' d='M7.48 0V-.19C6.71-.27 6.55-.36 6.55-.69C6.55-.79 6.56-.88 6.59-.98L8.16-6.71C8.36-7.4 8.46-7.47 9.14-7.59V-7.78H6.19V-7.59C6.88-7.5 7.03-7.41 7.03-7.07C7.03-6.9 6.98-6.66 6.9-6.34L6.35-4.38H2.95L3.6-6.71C3.78-7.31 4.09-7.54 4.8-7.59V-7.78H1.55V-7.59C2.3-7.52 2.47-7.42 2.47-7.07C2.47-6.9 2.43-6.66 2.33-6.34L.87-1.07C.66-.38 .57-.31-.1-.19V0H2.83V-.19C2.12-.29 1.99-.37 1.99-.71C1.99-.8 2-.89 2.02-.98L2.81-3.88H6.21L5.43-1.07C5.24-.45 5-.27 4.23-.19V0H7.48Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq65-page1'>
<use x='.31' y='0' xlink:href='#eq65-g1-29'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the Fourier transform of <code>psf</code>, and <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.742em; height: 0.815em; vertical-align: -0.022em; vertical-align: -0.022em;" viewBox=".59 -7.93 7.42 8.15">
<title>
\(C\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq66-g1-24' d='M7.15-1.56L6.94-1.73C5.87-.67 5.18-.32 4.2-.32C2.88-.32 2.12-1.21 2.12-2.76C2.12-4.18 2.69-5.62 3.62-6.59C4.19-7.18 4.94-7.5 5.73-7.5C6.82-7.5 7.43-6.86 7.55-5.57L7.77-5.54L8.21-7.91H7.96C7.86-7.72 7.74-7.65 7.5-7.65C7.4-7.65 7.27-7.67 7.02-7.73C6.49-7.86 6.01-7.93 5.62-7.93C3.07-7.93 .79-5.55 .79-2.89C.79-1.07 2.07 .21 3.89 .21C5.12 .21 6.07-.3 7.15-1.56Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq66-page1'>
<use x='-.19' y='0' xlink:href='#eq66-g1-24'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the regularization
kernel in the frequency domain.</p>
<p><code>psf</code> is given in the spatial domain, and will be zero-padded to the size of <code>in</code> and Fourier transformed.
The PSF (point spread function) should sum to one in order to preserve the mean image intensity.
If the OTF (optical transfer function, the Fourier transform of the PSF) is known, it is possible to pass
that as <code>psf</code>; add the string <code>"OTF"</code> to <code>options</code>.</p>
<p>All input images must be real-valued and scalar, except if the OFT is given instead of the PSF, in which
case <code>psf</code> could be complex-valued.</p>
<p>If <code>"pad"</code> is in <code>options</code>, then <code>in</code> is padded by the size of <code>psf</code> in all directions (padded area
is filled by mirroring at the image border). This significantly reduces the effects of the periodicity
of the frequency-domain convolution. <code>"pad"</code> cannot be combined with <code>"OTF"</code>.</p>
<aside class="m-note m-default">
<h4>Literature</h4>
<ul>
<li>G.M.P. van Kempen, “Image Restoration in Fluorescence Microscopy”,
PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 1998.</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</div></section>
<section class="m-doc-details" id="dip-IterativeConstrainedTikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dfloat--dip-uint--dfloat--StringSet-CL"><div>
<h3>
<span class="m-doc-return">void </span>
<span class="m-doc-name"><a href="#dip-IterativeConstrainedTikhonovMiller-Image-CL-Image-CL-Image-L-dfloat--dfloat--dip-uint--dfloat--StringSet-CL" class="m-doc-self">dip::<wbr />IterativeConstrainedTikhonovMiller</a></span>(
<span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& in, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a> const& psf, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="dip-Image.html" class="m-doc">dip::Image</a>& out, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> regularization = 0.1, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> tolerance = 1e-6, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="supporttypes.html#dip-uint" class="m-doc">dip::uint</a> maxIterations = 30, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="pixeltypes.html#dip-dfloat" class="m-doc">dip::dfloat</a> stepSize = 0.0, </span><span class="m-doc-arg"><a href="supporttypes.html#dip-StringSet" class="m-doc">dip::StringSet</a> const& options = {S::PAD}</span>) </h3>
<p>Iterative Constrained Tikhonov-Miller (ICTM) deconvolution.</p>
<p>Assuming some original image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.680em; height: 1.054em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -8.08 6.8 10.54">
<title>
\(f\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq68-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq68-page1'>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq68-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span>, a known convolution kernel <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.547em; height: 0.824em; vertical-align: -0.011em; vertical-align: -0.011em;" viewBox=".66 -8.13 5.47 8.24">
<title>
\(h\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq69-g1-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq69-page1'>
<use x='.43' y='0' xlink:href='#eq69-g1-17'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (given by <code>psf</code>), a noise realization <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.548em; height: 0.536em; vertical-align: -0.011em; vertical-align: -0.011em;" viewBox=".23 -5.25 5.48 5.36">
<title>
\(n\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq70-g1-61' d='M5.65-1.24L5.48-1.39C5.4-1.29 5.31-1.18 5.23-1.08C4.88-.64 4.67-.45 4.5-.45C4.39-.45 4.31-.54 4.31-.64C4.31-.74 4.36-.96 4.48-1.39L5.16-3.85C5.23-4.1 5.26-4.36 5.26-4.53C5.26-4.95 4.94-5.25 4.48-5.25C3.72-5.25 2.97-4.53 1.74-2.63L2.54-5.23L2.5-5.25L.57-4.88V-4.69C1.18-4.68 1.33-4.61 1.33-4.37C1.33-4.3 1.32-4.23 1.31-4.17L.17 0H1.06C1.62-1.88 1.73-2.14 2.25-2.95C2.97-4.06 3.57-4.65 4.01-4.65C4.19-4.65 4.3-4.51 4.3-4.3C4.3-4.16 4.23-3.76 4.13-3.39L3.61-1.43C3.45-.81 3.42-.66 3.42-.54C3.42-.08 3.59 .11 3.98 .11C4.51 .11 4.81-.13 5.65-1.24Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq70-page1'>
<use x='.06' y='0' xlink:href='#eq70-g1-61'/>
</g>
</svg></span>,
and an observed image <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 6.420em; height: 1.060em; vertical-align: -0.247em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".18 -8.13 64.2 10.6">
<title>
\(g = h * f + n\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq71-g4-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq71-g4-184' d='M3.39-3.45H.74V-2.67H3.39V0H4.18V-2.67H6.84V-3.45H4.18V-6.12H3.39V-3.45Z'/>
<path id='eq71-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq71-g7-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq71-g7-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq71-g7-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<path id='eq71-g7-61' d='M5.65-1.24L5.48-1.39C5.4-1.29 5.31-1.18 5.23-1.08C4.88-.64 4.67-.45 4.5-.45C4.39-.45 4.31-.54 4.31-.64C4.31-.74 4.36-.96 4.48-1.39L5.16-3.85C5.23-4.1 5.26-4.36 5.26-4.53C5.26-4.95 4.94-5.25 4.48-5.25C3.72-5.25 2.97-4.53 1.74-2.63L2.54-5.23L2.5-5.25L.57-4.88V-4.69C1.18-4.68 1.33-4.61 1.33-4.37C1.33-4.3 1.32-4.23 1.31-4.17L.17 0H1.06C1.62-1.88 1.73-2.14 2.25-2.95C2.97-4.06 3.57-4.65 4.01-4.65C4.19-4.65 4.3-4.51 4.3-4.3C4.3-4.16 4.23-3.76 4.13-3.39L3.61-1.43C3.45-.81 3.42-.66 3.42-.54C3.42-.08 3.59 .11 3.98 .11C4.51 .11 4.81-.13 5.65-1.24Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq71-page1'>
<use x='.07' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g7-54'/>
<use x='9.73' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g1-61'/>
<use x='21.09' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g7-17'/>
<use x='29.96' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g4-3'/>
<use x='40.33' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g7-53'/>
<use x='48.41' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g4-184'/>
<use x='58.73' y='0' xlink:href='#eq71-g7-61'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (given by <code>in</code>), ICTM deconvolution finds the <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.754em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 7.54 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq72-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq72-g5-94' d='M3.84-6.04L2.35-8.03H1.61L.13-6.04H.54L1.98-7.27L3.43-6.04H3.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq72-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq72-g5-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq72-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span> (returned in <code>out</code>)
that minimizes the Tikhonov functional,</p>
<div class="m-math"><svg style="width: 16.791em; height: 1.735em; vertical-align: 0.003em; " viewBox="110.12 -17.38 167.91 17.35">
<title>
\[ \Theta(\hat{f}) = \left\lVert h * \hat{f} - g \right\rVert^2 + \lambda \left\lVert c * \hat{f} \right\rVert^2 \; , \]
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq67-g10-17' d='M5.69-1.25L5.54-1.39C4.9-.58 4.75-.45 4.56-.45C4.45-.45 4.37-.55 4.37-.67C4.37-.8 4.56-1.54 4.76-2.16C5.12-3.28 5.34-4.16 5.34-4.45C5.34-4.93 5.01-5.25 4.55-5.25C3.78-5.25 2.93-4.48 1.82-2.74L3.25-8.08L3.19-8.13C2.5-7.98 2.04-7.9 1.32-7.81V-7.63C1.38-7.63 1.45-7.63 1.52-7.63C1.82-7.63 2.12-7.61 2.12-7.35C2.12-7.07 1.93-6.46 1.83-6.1L.23 0H1.12C1.6-1.83 1.75-2.24 2.23-2.97C2.85-3.91 3.66-4.65 4.07-4.65C4.25-4.65 4.41-4.5 4.41-4.35C4.41-4.3 4.37-4.14 4.32-3.95L3.67-1.49C3.51-.91 3.43-.54 3.43-.39C3.43-.08 3.63 .11 3.95 .11C4.56 .11 4.97-.21 5.69-1.25Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g10-50' d='M4.36-1.14L4.17-1.26C3.51-.56 3.05-.3 2.47-.3C1.79-.3 1.38-.8 1.38-1.66C1.38-2.67 1.8-3.73 2.47-4.43C2.81-4.79 3.29-5 3.76-5C4.04-5 4.2-4.91 4.2-4.76C4.2-4.7 4.19-4.65 4.13-4.54C4.05-4.38 4.03-4.31 4.03-4.19C4.03-3.91 4.2-3.74 4.49-3.74C4.82-3.74 5.06-3.97 5.06-4.29C5.06-4.85 4.54-5.25 3.81-5.25C2.02-5.25 .36-3.51 .36-1.66C.36-.52 1 .13 2.11 .13C3 .13 3.63-.23 4.36-1.14Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g10-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g10-54' d='M4.6 .71C4.59-.04 4.01-.56 2.87-.86C2.35-.99 2.04-1.18 2.04-1.36S2.31-1.85 2.47-1.85C2.47-1.85 2.51-1.85 2.55-1.83C2.64-1.81 2.81-1.8 2.92-1.8C4-1.8 5.1-2.75 5.1-3.68C5.1-3.88 5.06-4.11 4.99-4.36H5.59L5.57-4.82H4.85C4.81-4.82 4.75-4.85 4.66-4.92C4.34-5.13 3.94-5.25 3.49-5.25C2.17-5.25 1.11-4.34 1.11-3.22C1.12-2.6 1.38-2.24 2.06-1.93C1.37-1.45 1.16-1.21 1.16-.93C1.16-.77 1.26-.63 1.49-.46C.35 .29 .11 .54 .11 1.06C.11 1.92 .88 2.45 2.11 2.45C3.61 2.45 4.6 1.75 4.6 .71ZM3.88 1.07C3.88 1.72 3.2 2.19 2.29 2.19C1.33 2.19 .76 1.74 .76 .98C.76 .69 .82 .49 1.01 .26C1.17 .06 1.67-.33 1.76-.33C1.76-.33 1.8-.32 1.82-.31L2.17-.2C3.43 .19 3.87 .52 3.88 1.07ZM3.8-2.8C3.54-2.31 3.17-2.05 2.76-2.05C2.3-2.05 2.05-2.39 2.05-2.97C2.05-4.05 2.72-4.99 3.48-4.99C3.92-4.99 4.14-4.7 4.16-4.14C4.16-3.73 4.01-3.2 3.8-2.8Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g10-95' d='M6.28-.87L6.26-.89C6.1-.89 5.9-.49 5.4-.49C3.14-.49 7.24-7.8 3.74-7.8H3.61C3.39-7.8 2.89-7.62 2.74-7.48C2.73-7.47 2.82-7.36 2.83-7.36C2.89-7.41 3.16-7.52 3.39-7.52C4.55-7.52 4.24-5.61 4.24-5.3C4.25-5.26 4.24-5.24 4.23-5.19C3.99-4.09 .48-.96 .19 0H1.38C1.38-.12 1.39-.24 1.42-.37C1.76-1.89 4.1-4.2 4.1-4.22H4.11C4.04-3.6 2.97 .13 4.91 .13C5.43 .13 6.25-.73 6.28-.87Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g10-150' d='M2.32-.07C2.32-1.06 1.63-1.21 1.36-1.21C1.06-1.21 .67-1.04 .67-.52C.67-.05 1.1 .07 1.41 .07C1.49 .07 1.55 .06 1.58 .05C1.63 .04 1.67 .02 1.69 .02C1.77 .02 1.86 .08 1.86 .19C1.86 .42 1.67 .95 .88 1.45L.99 1.68C1.35 1.56 2.32 .77 2.32-.07Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g14-50' d='M4.15-1.2L4.04-1.24C3.71-.74 3.6-.66 3.21-.66H1.12L2.59-2.2C3.36-3.01 3.7-3.68 3.7-4.36C3.7-5.23 3-5.9 2.09-5.9C1.61-5.9 1.15-5.71 .83-5.36C.55-5.07 .42-4.79 .27-4.17L.45-4.12C.8-4.98 1.12-5.26 1.72-5.26C2.45-5.26 2.95-4.76 2.95-4.03C2.95-3.35 2.55-2.53 1.82-1.76L.26-.1V0H3.67L4.15-1.2Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g14-94' d='M2.81-4.43L1.72-5.89H1.18L.1-4.43H.39L1.45-5.33L2.52-4.43H2.81Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g7-0' d='M6.84-2.73V-3.39H.74V-2.73H6.84Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g7-3' d='M4.87-3.98C4.87-4.18 4.7-4.39 4.49-4.39C4.22-4.39 3.24-3.42 2.89-3.22C2.89-3.88 3.23-4.55 3.23-4.95C3.23-5.2 3.06-5.36 2.81-5.36C2.57-5.36 2.43-5.19 2.43-4.95C2.43-4.49 2.72-3.86 2.72-3.22C2.33-3.44 1.41-4.44 1.16-4.44C.94-4.44 .75-4.24 .75-4.03C.75-3.61 2.16-3.32 2.62-3.06C2.12-2.78 1.19-2.63 .95-2.48C.83-2.39 .74-2.29 .74-2.13C.74-1.92 .91-1.73 1.12-1.73C1.39-1.73 2.36-2.69 2.72-2.89C2.72-2.24 2.38-1.57 2.38-1.16C2.38-.92 2.56-.75 2.8-.75S3.18-.93 3.18-1.16C3.18-1.64 2.91-2.26 2.91-2.89C3.28-2.68 4.22-1.68 4.45-1.68C4.67-1.68 4.86-1.88 4.86-2.1C4.86-2.25 4.75-2.36 4.63-2.43C4.32-2.63 3.5-2.76 2.99-3.06C3.55-3.39 4.31-3.44 4.66-3.64C4.79-3.72 4.87-3.82 4.87-3.98Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g7-184' d='M3.39-3.45H.74V-2.67H3.39V0H4.18V-2.67H6.84V-3.45H4.18V-6.12H3.39V-3.45Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g7-185' d='M3.51-8.54C1.79-7.42 .57-5.49 .57-3.06C.57-.85 1.83 1.39 3.48 2.41L3.62 2.22C2.05 .98 1.6-.46 1.6-3.1C1.6-5.74 2.08-7.11 3.62-8.35L3.51-8.54Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g7-186' d='M.45-8.54L.35-8.35C1.88-7.11 2.37-5.74 2.37-3.1C2.37-.46 1.92 .98 .35 2.22L.49 2.41C2.13 1.39 3.39-.85 3.39-3.06C3.39-5.49 2.18-7.42 .45-8.54Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g4-13' d='M4.17 7.15V-.36H3.45V7.15H4.17ZM1.74 7.15V-.36H1.02V7.15H1.74Z'/>
<use id='eq67-g17-94' xlink:href='#eq67-g14-94' transform='scale(1.36)'/>
<path id='eq67-g1-2' d='M5.97-2.81C5.88-3.18 5.84-3.94 5.84-4.3C5.84-4.65 5.88-4.92 5.97-5.25H5.67C5.59-4.85 5.38-4.56 4.98-4.56H3.72C3.25-4.56 3.13-4.76 2.97-5.25H2.67C2.75-4.87 2.8-4.2 2.8-3.85C2.8-3.51 2.76-3.12 2.68-2.81H2.98C3.14-3.3 3.28-3.55 3.73-3.55H4.98C5.41-3.55 5.56-3.26 5.67-2.81H5.97ZM8.19-3.94C8.19-6.3 6.63-8.05 4.3-8.05C1.98-8.05 .4-6.4 .4-3.98C.4-1.5 1.99 .17 4.3 .17C6.59 .17 8.19-1.49 8.19-3.94ZM6.84-4.01C6.84-2.58 6.5-1.46 5.85-.83C5.43-.44 4.91-.26 4.31-.26C3.76-.26 3.24-.43 2.83-.8C2.11-1.46 1.76-2.54 1.76-3.95C1.76-5.09 2.07-6.24 2.58-6.82C3.05-7.36 3.64-7.62 4.29-7.62C4.85-7.62 5.32-7.42 5.75-7.06C6.43-6.49 6.84-5.37 6.84-4.01Z'/>
<path id='eq67-g1-61' d='M6.84-4V-4.67H.74V-4H6.84ZM6.84-1.58V-2.25H.74V-1.58H6.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq67-page1'>
<use x='109.72' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g1-2'/>
<use x='118.94' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g7-185'/>
<use x='127.44' y='-6.79' xlink:href='#eq67-g17-94'/>
<use x='125.48' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-53'/>
<use x='130.91' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g7-186'/>
<use x='138.81' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g1-61'/>
<use x='149.74' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='149.74' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='155.38' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-17'/>
<use x='164.25' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g7-3'/>
<use x='176.57' y='-6.79' xlink:href='#eq67-g17-94'/>
<use x='174.62' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-53'/>
<use x='182.7' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g7-0'/>
<use x='193.04' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-54'/>
<use x='199.38' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='199.38' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='204.59' y='-11.48' xlink:href='#eq67-g14-50'/>
<use x='212.13' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g7-184'/>
<use x='222.23' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-95'/>
<use x='230.84' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='230.84' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='236.19' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-50'/>
<use x='244.5' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g7-3'/>
<use x='256.83' y='-6.79' xlink:href='#eq67-g17-94'/>
<use x='254.87' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-53'/>
<use x='260.3' y='-14.35' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='260.3' y='-7.17' xlink:href='#eq67-g4-13'/>
<use x='265.51' y='-11.48' xlink:href='#eq67-g14-50'/>
<use x='275.71' y='-4.1' xlink:href='#eq67-g10-150'/>
</g>
</svg></div>
<p>where <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.705em; height: 0.793em; vertical-align: -0.013em; vertical-align: -0.013em;" viewBox=".04 -7.8 7.05 7.93">
<title>
\(\lambda\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq73-g1-95' d='M6.28-.87L6.26-.89C6.1-.89 5.9-.49 5.4-.49C3.14-.49 7.24-7.8 3.74-7.8H3.61C3.39-7.8 2.89-7.62 2.74-7.48C2.73-7.47 2.82-7.36 2.83-7.36C2.89-7.41 3.16-7.52 3.39-7.52C4.55-7.52 4.24-5.61 4.24-5.3C4.25-5.26 4.24-5.24 4.23-5.19C3.99-4.09 .48-.96 .19 0H1.38C1.38-.12 1.39-.24 1.42-.37C1.76-1.89 4.1-4.2 4.1-4.22H4.11C4.04-3.6 2.97 .13 4.91 .13C5.43 .13 6.25-.73 6.28-.87Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq73-page1'>
<use x='-.16' y='0' xlink:href='#eq73-g1-95'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the regularization parameter (given by <code>regularization</code>), and <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.470em; height: 0.538em; vertical-align: -0.013em; vertical-align: -0.013em;" viewBox=".49 -5.25 4.7 5.38">
<title>
\(c\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq74-g1-50' d='M4.36-1.14L4.17-1.26C3.51-.56 3.05-.3 2.47-.3C1.79-.3 1.38-.8 1.38-1.66C1.38-2.67 1.8-3.73 2.47-4.43C2.81-4.79 3.29-5 3.76-5C4.04-5 4.2-4.91 4.2-4.76C4.2-4.7 4.19-4.65 4.13-4.54C4.05-4.38 4.03-4.31 4.03-4.19C4.03-3.91 4.2-3.74 4.49-3.74C4.82-3.74 5.06-3.97 5.06-4.29C5.06-4.85 4.54-5.25 3.81-5.25C2.02-5.25 .36-3.51 .36-1.66C.36-.52 1 .13 2.11 .13C3 .13 3.63-.23 4.36-1.14Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq74-page1'>
<use x='.13' y='0' xlink:href='#eq74-g1-50'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is the regularization kernel,
for which we use an ideal Laplace kernel here. <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.754em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 7.54 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq75-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq75-g5-94' d='M3.84-6.04L2.35-8.03H1.61L.13-6.04H.54L1.98-7.27L3.43-6.04H3.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq75-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq75-g5-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq75-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span> is returned in <code>out</code>.</p>
<p>If <code>stepSize</code> is 0 (the default), ICTM uses the conjugate gradient method to estimate <span class="m-math"><svg style="width: 0.754em; height: 1.318em; vertical-align: -0.246em; vertical-align: -0.247em;" viewBox=".33 -10.72 7.54 13.18">
<title>
\(\hat{f}\)
</title>
<defs>
<path id='eq76-g1-53' d='M5.05-7.3C5.05-7.74 4.61-8.08 4.03-8.08C3.45-8.08 3-7.83 2.57-7.3C2.2-6.82 1.95-6.26 1.6-5.1H.5L.42-4.72H1.49L.44 .29C.17 1.57-.21 2.22-.71 2.22C-.86 2.22-.95 2.13-.95 2.02C-.95 1.98-.94 1.95-.91 1.89C-.86 1.82-.85 1.77-.85 1.7C-.85 1.45-1.06 1.25-1.31 1.25S-1.75 1.46-1.75 1.74C-1.75 2.16-1.35 2.47-.81 2.47C.25 2.47 1.07 1.3 1.57-.91L2.43-4.72H3.73L3.8-5.1H2.51C2.86-6.98 3.3-7.81 3.97-7.81C4.13-7.81 4.23-7.75 4.23-7.66C4.23-7.66 4.22-7.6 4.18-7.55C4.12-7.46 4.11-7.4 4.11-7.3C4.11-7.02 4.29-6.82 4.55-6.82C4.82-6.82 5.05-7.04 5.05-7.3Z'/>
<path id='eq76-g5-94' d='M3.84-6.04L2.35-8.03H1.61L.13-6.04H.54L1.98-7.27L3.43-6.04H3.84Z'/>
</defs>
<g id='eq76-page1'>
<use x='4.03' y='-2.69' xlink:href='#eq76-g5-94'/>
<use x='2.08' y='0' xlink:href='#eq76-g1-53'/>
</g>
</svg></span>. In this case, it
uses the results of Verveer and Jovin to estimate the optimal step size for each step.</p>
<p>If a positive step size is given (a value in the range (0, 1]), then ICTM uses gradient descent (with steepest