C++: Loops (#6399)

* [Edit] C++: Loops

* Add files via upload

* Update loops.md

* fixed lint and format

Author: mamtawardhani

content/cpp/concepts/loops/loops.md

@@ -1,45 +1,74 @@
 ---
 Title: 'Loops'
-Description: 'C++ has two types of loops: For and While. Loops execute the same group of statements multiple times until the condition is no longer true.'
+Description: 'Loops provide a way to execute a block of code multiple times, making programs more efficient and concise.'
 Subjects:
+  - 'Code Foundations'
   - 'Computer Science'
-  - 'Game Development'
 Tags:
+  - 'Algorithms'
+  - 'Control Flow'
+  - 'Iterators'
   - 'Loops'
-  - 'While'
-  - 'For'
 CatalogContent:
   - 'learn-c-plus-plus'
   - 'paths/computer-science'
 ---
 
-A **loop** can execute a statement or group of statements multiple times and the following is the general form of a loop statement in most programming languages.
+​In C++ programming, executing a task multiple times without **loops** requires duplicating code, which is inefficient and hard to maintain. For example, displaying a message 10 times would involve writing the same `cout` statement repeatedly:
 
-## While Loop
-
-A `while` loop statement repeatedly executes the code block within as long as the condition is true. The moment the condition becomes false, the program will exit the loop.
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
 
-> **Note:** The `while` loop might not ever run. If the condition is initially `false`, the code block will be skipped.
+int main() {
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    cout << "This is a text" << endl;
 
-```cpp
-while (password != 1234) {
-  std::cout << "Try again: ";
-  std::cin >> password;
+    return 0;
 }
 ```
 
-## For Loop
+This method is time-consuming, error-prone, and difficult to maintain. To address this, C++ provides **loops**, control structures that execute a block of code repeatedly based on a condition. By using loops, code becomes more concise, efficient, and easier to manage. They are one of the fundamental building blocks in programming that help solve problems involving repetition.
+
+## How Loops Work
+
+![A flowchart illustrating the general working of a loop](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Codecademy/docs/main/media/loop-flow-diagram.png)
 
-A `for` loop executes a code block a specific number of times. It has three parts:
+The general flow of a loop involves:
 
-- The initialization of a counter
-- The continue condition
-- The increment/decrement of the counter
+1. An initialization (setting up a starting point)
+2. A condition check (determining whether to run the loop)
+3. Code execution (running the statements inside the loop)
+4. An update (modifying values before checking the condition again)
 
-This example prints 0 to 9 on the screen:
+Using the earlier example, we can use a loop to display "This is a text" 10 times with just a few lines of code:
 
 ```cpp
-for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-  std::cout << i << "\n";
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        cout << "This is a text" << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
 ```
+
+## Types of Loops in C++
+
+C++ provides several types of loops, each with its own use cases:
+
+- **for loop**: Used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.
+- **while loop**: Executes as long as the specified condition remains true.
+- **do-while loop**: Similar to while loop, but guarantees at least one execution of the code block.
+- **range-based for loop**: Introduced in C++11, it simplifies iteration over elements in arrays, vectors, and other containers.