added prep exercises

Author: Luke-Manyamazi

Prep Exercises/bank.py

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+from typing import Dict
+
+# baances is a Dict mapping account names(str) to balances (int)
+def open_account(balances: Dict[str, int], name: str, amount: int) -> None:
+    balances[name] = amount
+
+def sum_balances(accounts: Dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    total = 0
+    for name, pence in accounts.items():
+        print(f"{name} had balance {pence}")
+        total += pence
+    return total
+
+def format_pence_as_string(total_pence: int) -> str:
+    if total_pence < 100:
+        return f"{total_pence}p"
+    pounds = total_pence // 100
+    pence = total_pence % 100
+    return f"£{pounds}.{pence:02d}"
+
+
+balances: Dict[str, int] = {
+    "Sima": 700,
+    "Linn": 545,
+    "Georg": 831,
+}
+
+open_account(balances, "Tobi", 913)
+open_account(balances, "Olya", 713)
+
+total_pence: int = sum_balances(balances)
+total_string: str = format_pence_as_string(total_pence)
+
+print(f"The bank accounts total {total_string}")

Prep Exercises/classes.py

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+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+def is_adult(person: Person) -> bool:
+    return person.age >= 18
+
+def location(person: Person) -> str:
+    return person.location 
+
+imran = Person("Imran", 22, "Ubuntu")
+print(imran.name)
+# print(imran.address) # Person has no address attribute
+print(imran.age)
+print(is_adult(imran))
+print(location(imran))
+
+eliza = Person("Eliza", 34, "Arch Linux")
+print(eliza.name)
+# print(eliza.address) # Person has no address attribute
+print(eliza.age)
+print(is_adult(eliza))

Prep Exercises/dataclass.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import date
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    date_of_birth: date
+    preferred_operating_system: str
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year - (
+            (today.month, today.day) < (self.date_of_birth.month, self.date_of_birth.day)
+        )
+        return age >= 18
+
+imran = Person(name="Imran", date_of_birth=date(2003, 7, 14), preferred_operating_system="Ubuntu")
+print(imran)                
+print(imran.is_adult())     
+
+# Equality check
+imran2 = Person(name="Imran", date_of_birth=date(2003, 7, 14), preferred_operating_system="Ubuntu")
+print(imran == imran2)   

Prep Exercises/double22.py

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+def double(value):
+	return value * 2
+
+print(double("22"))
+
+# I somehow expected it to return this answer, because the string "22" doubled is "2222"

Prep Exercises/generics.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    children: List["Person"]
+    age: int
+
+fatma = Person(name="Fatma", age=6, children=[])
+aisha = Person(name="Aisha", age=13, children=[])
+
+imran = Person(name="Imran", age=34, children=[fatma, aisha])
+
+def print_family_tree(person: Person) -> None:
+    print(person.name)
+    for child in person.children:
+        print(f"- {child.name} ({child.age})")
+
+print_family_tree(imran)

Prep Exercises/laptops.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_systems: List[str]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: str
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system in person.preferred_operating_systems:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+people = [
+    Person(name="Imran", age=22, preferred_operating_systems=["Ubuntu"]),
+    Person(name="Eliza", age=34, preferred_operating_systems=["Arch Linux"]),
+]
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="Arch Linux"),
+    Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="Ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="macOS"),
+]
+
+for person in people:
+    possible_laptops = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+    print(f"Possible laptops for {person.name}: {possible_laptops}")

Prep Exercises/methods.py

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+from datetime import date
+
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, date_of_birth: date, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.date_of_birth = date_of_birth
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> int:
+        today = date.today()
+        return today.year - self.date_of_birth.year - (
+            (today.month, today.day) < (self.date_of_birth.month, self.date_of_birth.day)
+        )
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        return self.age >= 18
+
+imran = Person(
+    name="Imran",
+    date_of_birth=date(2003, 7, 14),
+    preferred_operating_system="Ubuntu"
+)
+
+print(f"{imran.name} is {imran.age} years old.")
+print(f"Is {imran.name} an adult? {imran.is_adult()}")

Prep Exercises/typeLimits.py

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+def double(number):
+    return number * 3
+
+print(double(10))
+
+# I expected it to return 20, because I thought it would double the number
+# but it actually triples it to return 30
+# Fix - change the multiplication factor from 3 to 2

test.py

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+def double(n: int) -> int:
+    return n * 2
+
+num = double(21)
+print(num)