diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/entry_points.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/entry_points.cc
index 6ddd2481e9b1..38edc86ddff7 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/entry_points.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/entry_points.cc
@@ -254,13 +254,8 @@ SQLRETURN SQL_API SQLNativeSql(SQLHDBC connectionHandle, SQLWCHAR* inStatementTe
                                SQLINTEGER inStatementTextLength,
                                SQLWCHAR* outStatementText, SQLINTEGER bufferLength,
                                SQLINTEGER* outStatementTextLength) {
-  LOG_DEBUG(
-      "SQLNativeSqlW called with connectionHandle: {}, inStatementText: {}, "
-      "inStatementTextLength: "
-      "{}, outStatementText: {}, bufferLength: {}, outStatementTextLength: {}",
-      connectionHandle, fmt::ptr(inStatementText), inStatementTextLength,
-      fmt::ptr(outStatementText), bufferLength, fmt::ptr(outStatementTextLength));
-  return SQL_ERROR;
+  return arrow::SQLNativeSql(connectionHandle, inStatementText, inStatementTextLength,
+                             outStatementText, bufferLength, outStatementTextLength);
 }
 
 SQLRETURN SQL_API SQLNumResultCols(SQLHSTMT stmt, SQLSMALLINT* columnCountPtr) {
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.cc
index f5cac728c092..e87e713caa88 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.cc
@@ -1273,4 +1273,33 @@ SQLRETURN SQLColAttribute(SQLHSTMT stmt, SQLUSMALLINT recordNumber,
     return SQL_SUCCESS;
   });
 }
+
+SQLRETURN SQLNativeSql(SQLHDBC connectionHandle, SQLWCHAR* inStatementText,
+                       SQLINTEGER inStatementTextLength, SQLWCHAR* outStatementText,
+                       SQLINTEGER bufferLength, SQLINTEGER* outStatementTextLength) {
+  LOG_DEBUG(
+      "SQLNativeSqlW called with connectionHandle: {}, inStatementText: {}, "
+      "inStatementTextLength: {}, outStatementText: {}, bufferLength: {}, "
+      "outStatementTextLength: {}",
+      connectionHandle, fmt::ptr(inStatementText), inStatementTextLength,
+      fmt::ptr(outStatementText), bufferLength, fmt::ptr(outStatementTextLength));
+
+  using driver::odbcabstraction::Diagnostics;
+  using ODBC::GetAttributeSQLWCHAR;
+  using ODBC::ODBCConnection;
+  using ODBC::SqlWcharToString;
+
+  return ODBCConnection::ExecuteWithDiagnostics(connectionHandle, SQL_ERROR, [=]() {
+    const bool isLengthInBytes = false;
+
+    ODBCConnection* connection = reinterpret_cast<ODBCConnection*>(connectionHandle);
+    Diagnostics& diagnostics = connection->GetDiagnostics();
+
+    std::string inStatementStr = SqlWcharToString(inStatementText, inStatementTextLength);
+
+    return GetAttributeSQLWCHAR(inStatementStr, isLengthInBytes, outStatementText,
+                                bufferLength, outStatementTextLength, diagnostics);
+  });
+}
+
 }  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.h b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.h
index 05f8d1a74f84..d9181ff329b6 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_api.h
@@ -91,4 +91,7 @@ SQLRETURN SQLColAttribute(SQLHSTMT stmt, SQLUSMALLINT recordNumber,
                           SQLUSMALLINT fieldIdentifier, SQLPOINTER characterAttributePtr,
                           SQLSMALLINT bufferLength, SQLSMALLINT* outputLength,
                           SQLLEN* numericAttributePtr);
+SQLRETURN SQLNativeSql(SQLHDBC connectionHandle, SQLWCHAR* inStatementText,
+                       SQLINTEGER inStatementTextLength, SQLWCHAR* outStatementText,
+                       SQLINTEGER bufferLength, SQLINTEGER* outStatementTextLength);
 }  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h
index ffaa33c3a10b..0ce4bc4144d0 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h
@@ -172,8 +172,10 @@ static constexpr std::string_view error_state_22002 = "22002";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_24000 = "24000";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_28000 = "28000";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY000 = "HY000";
+static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY009 = "HY009";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY010 = "HY010";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY024 = "HY024";
+static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY090 = "HY090";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY092 = "HY092";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HYC00 = "HYC00";
 static constexpr std::string_view error_state_HY106 = "HY106";
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/statement_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/statement_test.cc
index 79d58b64bc85..45e4a29f9fa3 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/statement_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/statement_test.cc
@@ -2265,4 +2265,139 @@ TYPED_TEST(FlightSQLODBCTestBase, TestSQLMoreResultsInvalidFunctionSequence) {
 
   this->disconnect();
 }
+
+TYPED_TEST(FlightSQLODBCTestBase, TestSQLNativeSqlReturnsInputString) {
+  this->connect();
+
+  SQLWCHAR buf[1024];
+  constexpr SQLINTEGER bufCharLen = sizeof(buf) / ODBC::GetSqlWCharSize();
+  SQLWCHAR inputStr[] = L"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id == 1";
+  SQLINTEGER inputCharLen = static_cast<SQLINTEGER>(wcslen(inputStr));
+  SQLINTEGER outputCharLen = 0;
+  std::wstring expectedString = std::wstring(inputStr);
+
+  SQLRETURN ret =
+      SQLNativeSql(this->conn, inputStr, inputCharLen, buf, bufCharLen, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_SUCCESS);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(outputCharLen, inputCharLen);
+
+  // returned length is in characters
+  std::wstring returnedString(buf, buf + outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(returnedString, expectedString);
+
+  this->disconnect();
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FlightSQLODBCTestBase, TestSQLNativeSqlReturnsNTSInputString) {
+  this->connect();
+
+  SQLWCHAR buf[1024];
+  constexpr SQLINTEGER bufCharLen = sizeof(buf) / ODBC::GetSqlWCharSize();
+  SQLWCHAR inputStr[] = L"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id == 1";
+  SQLINTEGER inputCharLen = static_cast<SQLINTEGER>(wcslen(inputStr));
+  SQLINTEGER outputCharLen = 0;
+  std::wstring expectedString = std::wstring(inputStr);
+
+  SQLRETURN ret =
+      SQLNativeSql(this->conn, inputStr, SQL_NTS, buf, bufCharLen, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_SUCCESS);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(outputCharLen, inputCharLen);
+
+  // returned length is in characters
+  std::wstring returnedString(buf, buf + outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(returnedString, expectedString);
+
+  this->disconnect();
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FlightSQLODBCTestBase, TestSQLNativeSqlReturnsInputStringLength) {
+  this->connect();
+
+  SQLWCHAR inputStr[] = L"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id == 1";
+  SQLINTEGER inputCharLen = static_cast<SQLINTEGER>(wcslen(inputStr));
+  SQLINTEGER outputCharLen = 0;
+  std::wstring expectedString = std::wstring(inputStr);
+
+  SQLRETURN ret =
+      SQLNativeSql(this->conn, inputStr, inputCharLen, nullptr, 0, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_SUCCESS);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(outputCharLen, inputCharLen);
+
+  ret = SQLNativeSql(this->conn, inputStr, SQL_NTS, nullptr, 0, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_SUCCESS);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(outputCharLen, inputCharLen);
+
+  this->disconnect();
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FlightSQLODBCTestBase, TestSQLNativeSqlReturnsTruncatedString) {
+  this->connect();
+
+  const SQLINTEGER smallBufSizeInChar = 11;
+  SQLWCHAR smallBuf[smallBufSizeInChar];
+  constexpr SQLINTEGER smallBufCharLen = sizeof(smallBuf) / ODBC::GetSqlWCharSize();
+  SQLWCHAR inputStr[] = L"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id == 1";
+  SQLINTEGER inputCharLen = static_cast<SQLINTEGER>(wcslen(inputStr));
+  SQLINTEGER outputCharLen = 0;
+
+  // Create expected return string based on buf size
+  SQLWCHAR expectedStringBuf[smallBufSizeInChar];
+  wcsncpy(expectedStringBuf, inputStr, 10);
+  expectedStringBuf[10] = L'\0';
+  std::wstring expectedString(expectedStringBuf, expectedStringBuf + smallBufSizeInChar);
+
+  SQLRETURN ret = SQLNativeSql(this->conn, inputStr, inputCharLen, smallBuf,
+                               smallBufCharLen, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO);
+  VerifyOdbcErrorState(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, this->conn, error_state_01004);
+
+  // Returned text length represents full string char length regardless of truncation
+  EXPECT_EQ(outputCharLen, inputCharLen);
+
+  std::wstring returnedString(smallBuf, smallBuf + smallBufCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(returnedString, expectedString);
+
+  this->disconnect();
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(FlightSQLODBCTestBase, TestSQLNativeSqlReturnsErrorOnBadInputs) {
+  this->connect();
+
+  SQLWCHAR buf[1024];
+  constexpr SQLINTEGER bufCharLen = sizeof(buf) / ODBC::GetSqlWCharSize();
+  SQLWCHAR inputStr[] = L"SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id == 1";
+  SQLINTEGER inputCharLen = static_cast<SQLINTEGER>(wcslen(inputStr));
+  SQLINTEGER outputCharLen = 0;
+
+  SQLRETURN ret =
+      SQLNativeSql(this->conn, nullptr, inputCharLen, buf, bufCharLen, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_ERROR);
+  VerifyOdbcErrorState(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, this->conn, error_state_HY009);
+
+  ret = SQLNativeSql(this->conn, nullptr, SQL_NTS, buf, bufCharLen, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_ERROR);
+  VerifyOdbcErrorState(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, this->conn, error_state_HY009);
+
+  ret = SQLNativeSql(this->conn, inputStr, -100, buf, bufCharLen, &outputCharLen);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ret, SQL_ERROR);
+  VerifyOdbcErrorState(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, this->conn, error_state_HY090);
+
+  this->disconnect();
+}
+
 }  // namespace arrow::flight::sql::odbc